Severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a novel 2019 coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) represents one of the most studied infectious diseases of today. The number of scientific reports and publications increases exponentially day by day. While the majority of infected subjects are asymptomatic or show mild symptoms, there is an important proportion of patients who requires hospitalization and, sometimes, intensive care. Immune response to novel coronavirus is complex, involves both innate and adaptive immunity, and is biphasic. Significant differences were observed when comparing severe and non-severe patients. Analysis of the reported results from clinical trials clearly show an involvement of specific cellular immunity (predominantly leucopenia, decreased counts of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, changes of T cell compartment) and the so-called cytokine storm, which is associated with worsening of symptoms and the promotion of lung damage. An interesting finding regarding eosinopenia that can have both diagnostic and prognostic value is reported by some authors. Examination of selected immune parameters could help to identify severe patients with the risk of unfavorable course of the disease, predict the prognosis and recognize improvement in the clinical status. Moreover, detailed analysis of the immune changes could help to select novel prospective therapeutic strategies.

由 2019 年新型冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV2) 引起的严重急性呼吸系统综合症是当今研究最多的传染病之一。科学报告和出版物的数量日益呈指数级增长。虽然大多数感染者没有症状或表现出轻微症状，但仍有很大一部分患者需要住院治疗，有时需要重症监护。对新型冠状病毒的免疫反应复杂，涉及先天性免疫和适应性免疫，并且是双相的。比较重症和非重症患者时观察到显着差异。对临床试验报告结果的分析清楚地表明，特异性细胞免疫（主要是白细胞减少，CD3 ⁺、CD4 ⁺和 CD8 ⁺ T 淋巴细胞计数减少，T 细胞区室的变化）和所谓的细胞因子风暴有关，与症状恶化和肺部损伤加剧有关。一些作者报告了一项关于嗜酸性粒细胞减少症的有趣发现，该发现具有诊断和预后价值。对选定的免疫参数进行检查有助于识别具有不良病程风险的重症患者，预测预后并认识临床状态的改善。此外，对免疫变化的详细分析可以帮助选择新的前瞻性治疗策略。