Drilling to the bedrock of ice sheets and glaciers offers unique opportunities for examining the processes occurring in the bed. Basal and subglacial materials contain important paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental records and provide a unique habitat for life; they offer significant information regarding the sediment deformation beneath glaciers and its effects on the subglacial hydraulic system and geology. The newly developed and tested Antarctic subglacial drilling rig (ASDR) is designed to recover ice and bedrock core samples from depths of up to 1400 m. All of the drilling equipment is installed inside a movable, sledge-mounted, temperature-controlled and wind-protected drilling shelter and workshop. To facilitate helicopter unloading of the research vessel, the shelter and workshop can be disassembled, with individual parts weighing <2–3 tons. The entire ASDR system weighs ~55 tons, including transport packaging. The ASDR is designed to be transported to the chosen site via snow vehicles and would be ready for drilling operations within 2–3 d after arrival. The ASDR was tested during the 2018–2019 summer season near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica. At the test site, 2-week drilling operations resulted in a borehole that reached bedrock at a depth of 198 m.

中文翻译：

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南极冰下钻机：第一部分. 总体概念和钻井掩体结构

钻探冰盖和冰川的基岩为检查床中发生的过程提供了独特的机会。基底和冰下物质包含重要的古气候和古环境记录，为生命提供了独特的栖息地；它们提供了有关冰川下沉积物变形及其对冰下水力系统和地质的影响的重要信息。新开发和测试的南极冰下钻机 (ASDR) 旨在从高达 1400 m 的深度回收冰和基岩岩心样品。所有的钻井设备都安装在一个可移动的、雪橇安装的、温控防风的钻井掩体和车间内。为方便研究船的直升机卸载，掩体和车间可以拆卸，单个部件称重< 2-3吨。整个 ASDR 系统重约 55 吨，包括运输包装。ASDR 旨在通过雪地车辆运输到选定的地点，并在到达后 2-3 d 内准备好进行钻井作业。ASDR 在 2018-2019 年夏季在南极东部中山站附近进行了测试。在测试现场，为期 2 周的钻探作业导致钻孔到达 198 m 深度的基岩。