Capping represents an efficient and well-established remediation practice to contain pollutants in sediments. Coupling capping amendments with biodegradation is an emerging technology with great potential to promote simultaneous sequestration and oxidation of contaminants in situ. Capping materials alter the native sediment environment and affect the biodegradation potential of benthic microbial communities. The placement of materials specifically influences (i) porewater pH and composition, (ii) nutrient fluxes, (iii) electron accepting processes, (iv) bioavailability of contaminants, and (v) biofilm formation. This review summarizes current literature documenting the impact of these alterations on microbial ecology and biodegradation activity, describes recent advances in bioactive sediment caps, and identifies areas where additional research is warranted.

中文翻译：

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沉积物帽中的生物自然衰减和污染物氧化：最新进展和未来机会

封盖是一种有效且完善的补救措施，可以将污染物包含在沉积物中。封顶修正剂与生物降解的耦合是一项新兴技术，具有极大的潜力来促进原位污染物的同时隔离和氧化。加盖材料会改变原生沉积物环境，并影响底栖微生物群落的生物降解潜力。材料的放置特别影响（i）孔隙水的pH和组成，（ii）营养通量，（iii）电子接受过程，（iv）污染物的生物利用度和（v）生物膜的形成。这篇综述总结了目前的文献，这些文献记录了这些变化对微生物生态学和生物降解活性的影响，描述了生物活性沉积物盖的最新进展，