New species of the subfamily Myrmicinae are described from the fossil volcanogenic Lake Enspel, Westerwald, Germany. This Fossil-Lagerstätte comprises lake sediments, which essentially consist of intercalated “oilshales” and volcaniclastics. The sediments were dated to be of late Oligocene age. Out of the 287 fossil ants from Enspel examined, 96.5% (n = 277) belong to the formicoid clade (Formicinae, Dolichoderinae, Myrmicinae), and only 3.5% (n = 10) to the poneroid clade (Ponerinae, Agroecomyrmecinae). The high proportion of Myrmicinae (36.6%) indicates that this subfamily was already strongly represented in Central Europe in the late Oligocene. However, it should be noted that the large number of specimens are alate reproductives. The number of workers is low: n = 19, or 6.1% of 312 specimens when 25 isolated wings are included. Ten new species, belonging to the genera Paraphaenogaster, Aphaenogaster, Goniomma and Myrmica are named. Taxonomic questions regarding the separation of the two genera Aphaenogaster and Paraphaenogaster as well as aspects of biogeography, palaeoenvironment and palaeobiology in Enspel are discussed.

从德国韦斯特瓦尔德的化石火山湖恩斯珀尔描述了新的亚科的亚科。该化石-拉格斯特湖由湖泊沉积物组成，这些沉积物主要由插层的“油页岩”和火山碎屑组成。沉积物的年代为渐新世晚期。在来自恩斯珀尔的287只化石蚂蚁中，有96.5％（n = 277）属于甲类进化枝（Formicinae，Dolichoderinae，Myrmicinae），而只有3.5％（n = 10）属于类人猿进化枝（Ponerinae，农杆菌）。桃金娘科的比例很高（36.6％），表明该亚科在渐新世晚期已在中欧有很强的代表性。但是，应该注意的是，大量标本是晚期生殖。工人人数少：n当包括25个孤立的机翼时，= 19，或312个样本的6.1％。命名了十个新物种，分别属于Paraphaenogaster，Aphaenogaster，Goniomma和Myrmica。讨论了有关分离两个属Aphaenogaster和Paraphaenogaster的分类学问题，以及在Enspel中生物地理学，古环境和古生物学方面的问题。