Abstract—Highly ordered films from individual TiO₂ nanotubes (NTs) with controlled geometric characteristics were obtained by potentiostatic anodization of titanium in an electrochemical cell with flow-through circulation of the solution and a cooling system for it placed outside the cell at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5°C. The study shows how a wide concentration range of water (0–15%) and ammonium fluoride (0.1–2.0%) in ethylene glycol (EG) influences the morphology and composition of the obtained TiO₂ NTs. It was found that the most ordered structure of TiO₂ NTs forms when the water content in the anodizing solution is 0.5–4.0% and the proportion of NTs in the hexagonal coordination reaches 75%. It is shown that fluoride ion and water concentration in EG do not affect the chemical state and concentration of elements in the resulting nanostructures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that titanium in the obtained samples is in the form Ti⁴⁺ and Ti³⁺ with a relative proportion of the latter of 8 ± 2%.

中文翻译：

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电解液成分对循环混合池中钛阳极氧化钛膜结构形态的影响

摘要—通过在溶液中流通流通钛溶液和在其外部放置一个冷却系统的冷却系统，在电化学池中对钛进行恒电位阳极氧化，从而获得具有受控几何特性的单个TiO ₂纳米管（NTs）的高度有序的薄膜。 25±0.5°C。研究表明，乙二醇（EG）中的水（0–15％）和氟化铵（0.1–2.0％）的广泛浓度范围如何影响所获得的TiO ₂ NTs的形态和组成。发现TiO ₂最有序的结构当阳极氧化溶液中的水含量为0.5–4.0％，且六边形配位中NTs的比例达到75％时，就会形成NTs。结果表明，EG中的氟离子和水浓度不会影响所得纳米结构的化学状态和元素浓度。X射线光电子能谱显示，所得样品中的钛为Ti ⁴⁺和Ti ³⁺形式，后者的相对比例为8±2％。