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Flat optics with dispersion-engineered metasurfaces
Nature Reviews Materials ( IF 79.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-19 , DOI: 10.1038/s41578-020-0203-3
Wei Ting Chen , Alexander Y. Zhu , Federico Capasso

Control over the dispersion of the refractive index is essential to the performance of most modern optical systems. These range from laboratory microscopes to optical fibres and even consumer products, such as photography cameras. Conventional methods of engineering optical dispersion are based on altering material composition, but this process is time-consuming and difficult, and the resulting optical performance is often limited to a certain bandwidth. Recent advances in nanofabrication have led to high-quality metasurfaces with the potential to perform at a level comparable to their state-of-the-art refractive counterparts. In this Review, we introduce the underlying physical principles of metasurface optical elements (with a focus on metalenses) and, drawing on various works in the literature, discuss how their constituent nanostructures can be designed with a highly customizable effective index of refraction that incorporates both phase and dispersion engineering. These metasurfaces can serve as an essential component for achromatic optics with unprecedented levels of performance across a broad bandwidth or provide highly customized, engineered chromatic behaviour in instruments such as miniature aberration-corrected spectrometers. We identify some key areas in which these achromatic or dispersion-engineered metasurface optical elements could be useful and highlight some future challenges, as well as promising ways to overcome them.



中文翻译:

具有色散工程超表面的平面光学器件

折射率色散的控制对于大多数现代光学系统的性能至关重要。这些范围从实验室显微镜到光纤,甚至是消费产品,例如摄影相机。工程光学色散的常规方法是基于改变材料的成分,但是此过程既费时又困难,并且所得到的光学性能通常限于一定的带宽。纳米加工的最新进展已导致高质量的超颖表面,其潜在性能可与最先进的折射对等物媲美。在这篇评论中,我们介绍了超表面光学元件的基本物理原理(重点是金属感),并借鉴了文献中的各种著作,讨论如何使用高度可定制的有效折射率(包含相工程和色散工程)来设计其组成的纳米结构。这些超表面可以作为消色差光学系统的重要组成部分,在宽带宽范围内具有空前的性能水平,或者在诸如微型像差校正光谱仪之类的仪器中提供高度定制的工程色特性。我们确定了这些消色差或色散设计的超表面光学元件可能会有用的一些关键领域,并突出了一些未来的挑战,以及克服这些挑战的有前途的方法。这些超表面可以作为消色差光学系统的重要组成部分,在宽带宽范围内具有空前的性能水平,或者在诸如微型像差校正光谱仪之类的仪器中提供高度定制的工程色特性。我们确定了这些消色差或色散设计的超表面光学元件可能会有用的一些关键领域,并突出了一些未来的挑战,以及克服这些挑战的有前途的方法。这些超表面可以作为消色差光学系统的重要组成部分,在宽带宽范围内具有空前的性能水平,或者在诸如微型像差校正光谱仪之类的仪器中提供高度定制的工程色特性。我们确定了这些消色差或色散设计的超表面光学元件可能会有用的一些关键领域,并突出了一些未来的挑战,以及克服这些挑战的有前途的方法。

更新日期:2020-06-19
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