Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) typically receive chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. Although this treatment improves prognosis for most patients, some patients continue to experience recurrence within 5 years. Preclinical studies have shown that immune cell infiltration at the irradiated site may play a significant role in tumor cell recruitment; however, little is known about the mechanisms that govern this process. This lack of knowledge highlights the need to evaluate radiation-induced cell infiltration with models that have controllable variables and maintain biological integrity. Mammary organoids are multicellular three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, and they have been used to examine many aspects of mammary development and tumorigenesis. Organoids are also emerging as a powerful tool to investigate normal tissue radiation damage. In this review, we evaluate recent advances in mammary organoid technology, consider the advantages of using organoids to study radiation response, and discuss future directions for the applications of this technique.

中文翻译：

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类器官作为研究辐射诱导细胞招募的复杂体外模型。


三阴性乳腺癌 (TNBC) 患者通常接受化疗、手术和放射治疗。尽管这种治疗可以改善大多数患者的预后，但有些患者在 5 年内仍会出现复发。临床前研究表明，照射部位的免疫细胞浸润可能在肿瘤细胞招募中发挥重要作用；然而，人们对控制这一过程的机制知之甚少。这种知识的缺乏凸显了需要使用具有可控变量并保持生物完整性的模型来评估辐射诱导的细胞浸润。乳腺类器官是多细胞三维（3D）体外模型，它们已被用于检查乳腺发育和肿瘤发生的许多方面。类器官也正在成为研究正常组织辐射损伤的有力工具。在这篇综述中，我们评估了乳腺类器官技术的最新进展，考虑了使用类器官研究辐射反应的优势，并讨论了该技术应用的未来方向。