Abstract

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult is commonly known as anantmul or Indian sarsaparilla. The roots of this plant, which display a wide range of medicinal, biological, and phytopharmaceutical properties, are used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Conventionally, the plant is propagated by seed germination or vegetatively, but the efficacy of traditional methods has some limitations: plants derived from seed germination are prone to seed-borne diseases, or plantlet production using vegetative propagation is limited. In contrast, plant tissue culture allows for large-scale propagation and secondary metabolite production in vitro without sacrificing plants from their natural habitats. Many efforts have been made over 40 years of research to establish efficient micropropagation protocols to speed up cultivation of this plant, including callus-mediated in vitro propagation, somatic embryogenesis, and shoot multiplication using cotyledenory nodes, stem segments, shoot tips, and nodal explants. Among these explants, nodal explants are the most commonly used for H. indicus micropropagation. The application of adenine sulfate, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and arginine may be useful in preventing explant browning, premature leaf senescence, and shoot tip abscission during in vitro culture. This review provides insight into micropropagation, use of synthetic seeds for short-term germplasm preservation, and in vitro production of secondary metabolites such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, lupeol, vanillin, and rutin, from in vitro root and callus cultures. Furthermore, unexplored and possible innovative areas of research in Hemidesmus biotechnology are also discussed.

Key Points

• Hemidesmus indicus has multiple therapeutic applications.

• H. indicus roots are used in confectionary and pharmacy.

• This review comprehensively assesses H. indicus tissue culture.

• Challenges and future research of H. indicus biotechnology are discussed.

中文翻译：

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印度sarsaparilla，Hemidesmus indicus（L.）R. Br。前舒尔特：组织培养研究。

摘要

印度半翅目（L.）R. Br。ex Schult通常被称为anantmul或印度sarsaparilla。这种植物的根具有广泛的药用，生物学和植物药特性，可用于制药和食品工业。常规上，植物是通过种子发芽或无性繁殖来繁殖的，但是传统方法的功效有一定的局限性：源自种子发芽的植物很容易发生由种子传播的疾病，或者使用无性繁殖的小植株生产受到限制。相比之下，植物组织培养可以在不牺牲自然栖息地植物的情况下，在体外进行大规模繁殖和次级代谢产物的生产。在40多年的研究中，人们做出了许多努力，以建立有效的微繁殖方案，以加快该植物的种植，包括愈伤组织介导的体外繁殖，体细胞胚发生和使用子叶节，茎节，茎尖和结外植体的芽繁殖。在这些外植体中，节点外植体最常用于H.印度微繁殖。硫酸腺嘌呤，柠檬酸，抗坏血酸和精氨酸的应用在体外培养过程中可能有助于防止植株褐变，叶片过早衰老和枝梢脱落。这篇综述提供了关于微繁殖，将合成种子用于短期种质保存以及从体外根和愈伤组织培养物中体外产生次生代谢产物（如2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛，卢比欧尔，香草醛和芦丁）的见解。此外，还讨论了Hemidesmus生物技术研究中尚未探索和可能的创新领域。

关键点

•印度半翅目有多种治疗应用。

•印度印度血吸虫根用于糖果和药房。

•这篇综述全面评估了印度印度血吸虫组织培养。

•讨论了印度地方杆菌生物技术的挑战和未来研究。