Although the neurobiological basis for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not yet been fully clarified, converging lines of evidence implicated a role of neuroinflammation in the etiological pathway of this disorder. The present article provided a systematic review of publications regarding the involvement of different components of neuroinflammation in postmortem brain samples of subjects diagnosed with ASD. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted, which was supplemented by manual searching of reference lists of included articles. The screening for study and extraction of data were conducted by two independent authors after reviewing the abstract and full text. Of 356 articles identified in the literature search, 27 articles comprising 685 subjects (ASD = 313, controls = 351, schizophrenia = 10, epilepsy = 11) covering 19 brain regions met the eligibility criteria for this review. The search yielded 11 studies that estimated astrocyte-related changes, 8 studies that reported microglia-related changes, 2 studies that evaluated oligodendrocyte-related changes, 3 studies that examined changes in glial cells without differentiating cell types, 6 studies that evaluated the levels of cytokines and chemokines, and 7 studies that measured other inflammatory parameters in postmortem brain samples of subjects with ASD compared with controls. Although a few studies noted a lack of changes in neuroinflammatory markers in postmortem brain samples of ASD subjects, the majority of studies supported the presence of neuroinflammation in the neurobiological pattern of ASD as shown by activation of astrocytes and microglia together with abnormal levels of cytokines and chemokines.

尽管自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的神经生物学基础尚未完全阐明，但越来越多的证据表明神经炎症在这种疾病的病因学途径中的作用。本文对有关神经炎症的不同成分在被诊断患有 ASD 的受试者的死后脑样本中涉及的出版物进行了系统评价。对 PubMed、Embase 和 Web of Science 进行了系统搜索，并通过手动搜索包含文章的参考列表进行了补充。研究的筛选和数据的提取由两位独立作者在审阅摘要和全文后进行。在文献检索中确定的 356 篇文章中，27 篇文章包括 685 名受试者（ASD = 313，对照 = 351，精神分裂症 = 10，癫痫 = 11) 覆盖 19 个大脑区域符合本次审查的资格标准。搜索产生了 11 项估计星形胶质细胞相关变化的研究，8 项报告小胶质细胞相关变化的研究，2 项评估少突胶质细胞相关变化的研究，3 项研究在不区分细胞类型的情况下检查神经胶质细胞变化的研究，6 项评估水平的研究细胞因子和趋化因子，以及 7 项研究，这些研究测量了 ASD 受试者与对照组相比的死后脑样本中的其他炎症参数。尽管一些研究指出 ASD 受试者的死后脑样本中神经炎症标志物缺乏变化，