The accurate preoperative determination of the extent of mandibular resection remains a challenge for the surgeons. The purpose of the present study was to immunohistochemically investigate predictive markers for histological bone invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The medical records of primary OSCC patients with mandibular bone contact in preoperative computed tomography scans between January 2003 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed and an immunohistochemical investigation was performed. Forty-five OSCC patients with mandibular bone contact radiographically were included in this study. Histopathologically, infiltrative bone invasion was observed in 19 patients (42.2%) and compressive bone invasion in 15 (33.3%). A correlation was noted between the histological pattern of bone invasion and mode of invasion (chi-squared test, p < 0.05). At the tumor surface, a correlation was observed between the expression of IL-6 and bone invasion (the Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05), although the expression was so weak. At the bone contact area, the expression of both ɑ-SMA and OPG correlated with infiltrative bone invasion (ɑ-SMA; the Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05, OPG; p < 0.05). These results suggest that predictive markers for aggressive (infiltrative) bone invasion in OSCC patients with a higher mode of invasion are the expression of ɑ-SMA and OPG.

术前准确确定下颌切除范围仍然是外科医生面临的挑战。本研究的目的是通过免疫组织化学研究口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）组织学骨侵袭的预测标志物。回顾性分析2003年1月至2017年12月期间术前计算机断层扫描有下颌骨接触的原发性OSCC患者的病历，并进行免疫组织化学检查。本研究纳入了 45 名经 X 线检查有下颌骨接触的 OSCC 患者。组织病理学上，19 名患者（42.2%）观察到浸润性骨侵犯，15 名患者（33.3%）观察到压缩性骨侵犯。骨侵袭的组织学模式和侵袭模式之间存在相关性（卡方检验，p  < 0.05）。在肿瘤表面，观察到 IL-6 的表达与骨侵袭之间存在相关性（Wilcoxon 检验，p  < 0.05），尽管表达很弱。在骨接触区域，ɑ-SMA 和 OPG 的表达均与浸润性骨侵袭相关（ɑ-SMA；Wilcoxon 检验，p  < 0.05，OPG；p < 0.05）。这些结果表明，具有较高侵袭模式的 OSCC 患者侵袭性（浸润性）骨侵袭的预测标志物是 ɑ-SMA 和 OPG 的表达。