Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are cell surface receptors on natural killer (NK) cells and subsets of T cells. The interaction between KIRs and their cognate ligands (Human leukocyte antigen class I molecules, HLA class I) modulates the immune response of NK cells, in particular through clearance of virus-infected cells. Here, we investigated the effect of KIRs and HLA ligands on dengue infections and disease severity. The KIRs and HLA ligands were identified in 235 healthy controls (HC) and 253 dengue patients (DEN) using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primer (PCR–SSP); moreover, DEN was classified to 100 dengue fever (DF) and 153 dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Risks were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with significance set at a two-tailed P value of < 0.05. The Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. Twelve significant associations were observed in dengue infections and disease severity; however, two outcomes survived after the Bonferroni correction. Of these, HLA-A11 was associated with an increased risk to develop dengue disease (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.62–3.60, P^c = 0.004), while KIR3DS1⁺ Bw4 was a protective genotype to developing DHF (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16–0.48, P^c < 0.001). This study revealed an important role of KIR and HLA ligands in innate immune responses to dengue viral infections and, in particular, their effect on clinical outcomes and disease severity.

中文翻译：

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KIR和HLA多态性对泰国东北部登革热感染和疾病严重程度的影响。

杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体（KIR）是自然杀伤（NK）细胞和T细胞子集上的细胞表面受体。KIR及其同源配体（人类白细胞抗原I类分子，HLA I类）之间的相互作用可调节NK细胞的免疫反应，特别是通过清除感染病毒的细胞。在这里，我们调查了KIR和HLA配体对登革热感染和疾病严重程度的影响。在性KIR和HLA使用聚合酶链反应与序列特异性引物（PCR–SSP）在235名健康对照者（HC）和253名登革热患者（DEN）中鉴定了配体。此外，DEN被分类为100个登革热（DF）和153个登革出血热（DHF）。风险以比值比（OR）和95％置信区间（CIs）表示，其显着性设置为小于0.05的两尾P值。将Bonferroni校正用于多个比较。登革热感染和疾病严重程度之间有十二个显着关联；但是，在Bonferroni矫正后，两个结果仍然存在。其中，HLA - A11与登革热发病风险增加相关（OR 2.41，95％CI 1.62–3.60，P ^c = 0.004），而KIR3DS1 ⁺ Bw4是发展中的DHF的保护基因型（OR 0.28，95％CI 0.16-0.48，P ^c  <0.001）。这项研究揭示了KIR和HLA配体在对登革热病毒感染的固有免疫反应中的重要作用，尤其是它们对临床结果和疾病严重性的影响。