Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and gonorrhea disease burden remain major public health concerns worldwide. To contribute to the supranational demands to monitor and manage the spread of antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, the Portuguese NIH promoted the creation of the National Laboratory Network for Neisseria gonorrhoeae Collection (PTGonoNet). The present study reports the N. gonorrhoeae major AMR trends observed from 2003 up to 2018. All isolates described in the present study constitute the opportunistic ongoing N. gonorrhoeae isolate collection supported by the National Reference Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Infections of the Portuguese NIH, enrolling strains isolated in 35 different public and private laboratories. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using E-tests for azithromycin, benzylpenicillin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, spectinomycin and tetracycline. Molecular typing was determined using NG-MAST. AMR data of 2596 country-spread isolates show that 87.67% of all N. gonorrhoeae isolates presented decreased susceptibility to at least one antimicrobial. A continuous decreased susceptibility and resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin can be observed along the years. However, no decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins was observed until 2018, while for azithromycin, this was always low. The most common observed NG-MAST genogroups were G1407, G7445, G225, G2, and G1034. This study evidences the advantages of a nationwide collection of isolates and of centralized AMR testing to respond to supranational (EURO-GASP) requirements while providing unprecedented data on AMR in the context of 15 years of surveillance.

淋病奈瑟氏球菌的抗菌素耐药性（AMR）和淋病疾病负担仍然是全世界主要的公共卫生问题。为了满足监测和管理抗药性淋病奈瑟氏球菌传播的超国家需求，葡萄牙国立卫生研究院促进了国家淋病奈瑟菌国家实验室网络（PTGonoNet）的创建。本研究报告了从2003年到2018年观察到的淋病奈瑟菌主要AMR趋势。本研究中描述的所有分离物均构成了正在进行的机会性淋病奈瑟菌。分离物的收集得到了葡萄牙国家卫生研究院性传播感染国家参考实验室的支持，其中包括在35个不同的公共和私人实验室中分离的菌株。使用阿奇霉素，苄青霉素，头孢克肟，头孢曲松，环丙沙星，庆大霉素，壮观霉素和四环素的E检验确定最低抑菌浓度。使用NG-MAST确定分子分型。2596个国家/地区分离株的AMR数据显示，淋病奈瑟氏球菌占总数的87.67％分离株对至少一种抗菌药的敏感性降低。多年来，对青霉素，四环素和环丙沙星的敏感性和耐药性持续下降。然而，直到2018年，人们都没有观察到对头孢菌素的敏感性降低，而对于阿奇霉素，这始终很低。观察到的最常见的NG-MAST基因组是G1407，G7445，G225，G2和G1034。这项研究证明了在全国范围内进行分离株收集和进行集中AMR测试以应对超国家（EURO-GASP）要求的优势，同时在15年的监视背景下提供了有关AMR的空前数据。