The association between air pollution and a wide-ranging spectrum of acute and chronic disorders—including cardiovascular diseases—is widely acknowledged. Exposure to airborne pollutants triggers harmful mechanisms such as oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, which lead to increased incidence of myocardial infarction, arterial hypertension, stroke, and heart failure. Sustained efforts have been made in recent years to discover how environmental exposures affect human health through epigenetic phenomena, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA-mediated gene regulation. This review summarizes the current evidences on the relationship between air pollution exposure, epigenetic alterations and cardiovascular impact, in view of present implications and future perspectives.

空气污染与广泛的急性和慢性疾病（包括心血管疾病）之间的关联已得到广泛认可。暴露于空气中的污染物会触发有害的机制，例如氧化应激和全身性炎症，导致心肌梗死，动脉高血压，中风和心力衰竭的发生率增加。近年来，人们一直在努力探索环境暴露如何通过表观遗传现象（例如DNA甲基化，组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA介导的基因调控）影响人类健康。鉴于当前的影响和未来的观点，这篇综述总结了关于空气污染暴露，表观遗传改变和心血管影响之间关系的最新证据。