The biomagnification of mercury, polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) and perfluoroalkyl acids substances (PFASs) was evaluated in the trophic web of Lake Mergozzo, a small and deep Italian subalpine lake, which has been chosen because it is a protected environment, and discharges into the lake are mostly avoided. Carbon source and relative trophic levels were calculated by using 13C and 15N stable isotopes, respectively, and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were derived. Zooplankton and thirteen species of fish were collected and analyzed, and the results showed the elevated level of biota contamination from both legacy and emerging pollutants, even if direct discharges were avoided. Concentrations in biota, expressed as sums of compounds, ranged from 0.4 to 60 µg kg−1 wet weight (ww) for PFASs, from 16 to 1.3 104 µg kg−1 lipid content (lw) for DDTs, from 17 to 1.5 104 µg kg−1 lw for PCBs and from 20.0 to 501 µg kg−1 ww for mercury (Hg). TMFs of this deep, cold lake, with a prevalent pelagic trophic chain, were high and clearly indicated fish biomagnification, except for PFAS. The biomagnification capability of PFAS in a fish-only food web was discussed by using the biomagnification of Hg as a benchmark for assessing their bioaccumulation potential.

中文翻译：

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受保护的南高山小湖（意大利北部梅尔戈佐湖）鱼类群落中遗留物（PCB、DDT 和 Hg）和新兴污染物 (PFAS) 的营养放大率

汞、多氯联苯 (PCB)、二氯二苯基三氯乙烷及其代谢物 (DDT) 和全氟烷基酸物质 (PFAS) 在意大利亚高山小而深的梅尔戈佐湖的营养网中的生物放大作用进行了评估，之所以选择该湖，是因为它是保护环境，尽量避免排放入湖。分别使用 13C 和 15N 稳定同位素计算碳源和相对营养水平，并推导出营养放大因子（TMFs）。收集并分析了浮游动物和 13 种鱼类，结果表明，即使避免直接排放，遗留污染物和新出现的污染物也会导致生物群污染水平升高。生物群中的浓度，表示为化合物的总和，范围从 0。PFAS 的湿重 (ww) 为 4 至 60 µg kg−1，滴滴涕的 16 至 1.3 104 µg kg−1 脂质含量 (lw)，PCB 的 17 至 1.5 104 µg kg−1 lw，以及 20.0 至 501 µg汞 (Hg) 的 kg−1 ww。除了全氟和多氟烷基物质外，这个深冷湖泊的 TMF 很高，具有普遍的远洋营养链，并且清楚地表明鱼类的生物放大作用。通过使用汞的生物放大率作为评估其生物积累潜力的基准，讨论了全氟和多氟烷基物质在纯鱼类食物网中的生物放大能力。