Thymus zygis subsp. zygis is an endemic Portuguese plant belonging to the Thymus zygis species. Although T. zygis is commonly used as a condiment and as a medicinal herb, a detailed description of the polyphenol composition of hydroethanolic (HE) and aqueous decoction (AD) extracts is not available. In this work, we describe for the first time a detailed phenolic composition of Thymus zygis subsp. zygis HE and AD extracts, together with their antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Unlike other Thymus species, T. zygis subsp. zygis extracts contain higher amounts of luteolin-(?)-O-hexoside. However, the major phenolic compound is rosmarinic acid, and high amounts of salvianolic acids K and I were also detected. T. zygis subsp. zygis extracts exhibited significant scavenging activity of ABTS⁺, hydroxyl (^•OH), and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. Regarding the anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effect, tested against Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, the AD extract only slightly reduced cell viability at higher concentrations (IC₅₀ > 600 µg/mL, 48 h exposure), denoting very low toxicity, while the HE extract showed a high anti-proliferative effect, especially at 48 h exposure (IC₅₀ of 85.01 ± 15.10 μg/mL and 82.19 ± 2.46 μg/mL, for Caco-2 and HepG2, respectively). At non-cytotoxic concentrations, both extracts reduced the nitric oxide (NO) release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (at 50 μg/mL, HE and AD extracts inhibited NO release in ~89% and 48%, respectively). In conclusion, the results highlight the non-toxic effect of aqueous extracts, both resembling the consumption of antioxidants in foodstuff or in functional food. Furthermore, the HE extract of T. zygis subsp. zygis is a source of promising molecules with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, highlighting its potential as a source of bioactive ingredients for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

中文翻译：

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百里香合子 zygis一种葡萄牙特有植物：植物化学分析，抗氧化，抗增殖和抗炎活性。

百里香合子亚种。zygis是属于百里香zygis物种的一种葡萄牙特有植物。尽管T. zygis通常被用作调味品和药草，但尚无对氢乙醇（HE）和水煎剂（AD）提取物的多酚成分的详细描述。在这项工作中，我们描述了首次详细的酚类组合胸腺 zygis亚种。zygis HE和AD提取物，以及它们的抗氧化剂，抗增殖和抗炎活性。不像其他的胸腺种类，T. zygis亚种。齐格斯人提取物中含有大量的木犀草素-（α）-O-己糖苷。但是，主要的酚类化合物是迷迭香酸，并且还检测到大量的丹酚酸K和I。T. zygis亚种。zygis提取物显示出ABTS ⁺，羟基（^• OH）和一氧化氮（NO）自由基的明显清除活性。关于针对Caco-2和HepG2细胞测试的抗增殖/细胞毒性作用，AD提取物在较高浓度（IC ₅₀ > 600 µg / mL，暴露48 h）下仅能稍微降低细胞活力，表明毒性非常低，而HE提取物具有很高的抗增殖作用，尤其是在暴露48 h时（IC ₅₀对于Caco-2和HepG2，分别为85.01±15.10μg/ mL和82.19±2.46μg/ mL）。在无细胞毒性浓度下，两种提取物均减少了由脂多糖（LPS）刺激的RAW 264.7细胞释放的一氧化氮（NO）（在50μg/ mL时，HE和AD提取物分别抑制了约89％和48％的NO释放）。 。总之，结果突出了水提取物的无毒作用，类似于食品或功能性食品中抗氧化剂的消耗。此外，的HE提取物T. zygis亚种。zygis是具有抗氧化，抗炎和抗癌活性的有前途的分子的来源，突显了其作为保健食品和制药行业生物活性成分的潜力。