Abstract

The fundamental regularities of trophology, such as the dependence of the fish diet on the food concentration, foraging selectivity, and competition for food, which are the key concepts in V.S. Ivlev’s book Experimental Ecology of the Fish Feeding are quite familiar to a broad community of ecologists. However, the range of problems addressed in this milestone study is not limited to the issues of fish trophology. The effect of habitat heterogeneity on biological interactions in ecosystems, which is one of the major objects of research in contemporary ecology, is discussed in the book in two aspects: the connection between the foraging intensity and selectivity to the heterogeneity of prey distribution (the degree of aggregation per Ivlev) and the role of physical obstacles in the regulation of intra- and interspecific competition for food. The dependence of the feeding rate on aggregation was even more substantial than the dependence on prey concentration. Ivlev demonstrated this in laboratory experiments and, which is even more important and difficult, studies of natural water bodies. In this paper, a brief analysis of the ideas and results included in the book and related to the ecological significance of habitat heterogeneity is followed by an overview of a number of modern studies that adhere to Ivlev’s working style and develop his approaches and ideas. It is apparent from these studies that habitat heterogeneity, which is determined by different factors and manifested on different scales, affects both the behavior and the population dynamics of the interacting organisms. As a result, both the mechanisms underlying biological interactions and the structure and functioning of organism communities are modified.

中文翻译：

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VS Ivlev的专着。生境异质性在生物相互作用中的作用

摘要

营养学的基本规律，例如鱼类饮食对食物浓度的依赖性，觅食的选择性以及对食物的竞争，这是VS Ivlev的《鱼类饲养实验生态学》一书中的关键概念。广泛的生态学家对此非常熟悉。但是，这一里程碑式研究中解决的问题范围不仅限于鱼类营养学问题。本书从两个方面探讨了栖息地异质性对生态系统中生物相互作用的影响，这是当代生态学的主要研究对象之一：觅食强度和选择性与猎物分布异质性之间的联系（程度） （每Ivlev的聚集量）和物理障碍在调节种内和种间竞争中的作用。进食速率对聚集的依赖性甚至比对猎物浓度的依赖性更大。伊夫列夫（Ivlev）在实验室实验中证明了这一点，而对自然水体的研究则更为重要和困难。在本文中，对本书中包含的与栖息地异质性的生态意义相关的思想和结果进行了简要分析，然后概述了一些遵循Ivlev的工作风格并发展其方法和思想的现代研究。从这些研究中可以明显看出，栖息地异质性是由不同的因素决定并以不同的规模表现出来的，它会影响相互作用生物的行为和种群动态。结果，生物学相互作用的基础机制以及生物群落的结构和功能都被修改。简要分析本书中包含的与栖息地异质性的生态意义相关的思想和结果，然后概述许多遵循Ivlev的工作风格并发展其方法和思想的现代研究。从这些研究中可以明显看出，栖息地异质性是由不同的因素决定并以不同的规模表现出来的，它会影响相互作用生物的行为和种群动态。结果，生物学相互作用的基础机制以及生物群落的结构和功能都被修改。简要分析本书中包含的与栖息地异质性的生态意义相关的思想和结果，然后概述许多遵循Ivlev的工作风格并发展其方法和思想的现代研究。从这些研究中可以明显看出，栖息地异质性是由不同的因素决定并以不同的规模表现出来的，它影响相互作用生物的行为和种群动态。结果，生物学相互作用的基础机制以及生物群落的结构和功能都被修改。影响相互作用的生物的行为和种群动态。结果，生物学相互作用的基础机制以及生物群落的结构和功能都被修改。影响相互作用的生物的行为和种群动态。结果，生物学相互作用的基础机制以及生物群落的结构和功能都被修改。