Abstract — Using the literature and the authors’ own data, the review provides information on experiments carried out at different times with organotypic culturing of the retina in vertebrates and humans. The method allows one to maintain the structure and viability of the retina, model a number of its pathological conditions, and observe the processes of retinal development, regeneration, reconstruction, death, and growth of neuron outgrowths. In addition, organotypic culturing makes it possible to affect all indicated processes by different regulating factors as well as protective/damaging agents at strictly specified concentrations and under controlled conditions. Particular attention is paid to the behavior of retinal pigment epithelium cells, photoreceptor cells, Müller glia cells, and ganglion cells and their axons (that is, to those cell populations that are most often affected in cases of different pathological conditions and retinal diseases). A separate section is devoted to the production and culturing of so-called retinal organoids, which is being actively developed at present. The direction promises opportunities for the transplantation of retinal cells, conducting experiments on gene therapy, and testing ophthalmic pharmacological drugs.

中文翻译：

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器官培养作为研究脊椎动物和人类眼视网膜恢复机会的一种方式

摘要 — 使用文献和作者自己的数据，该评论提供了有关在不同时间进行的脊椎动物和人类视网膜器官培养实验的信息。该方法允许人们保持视网膜的结构和活力，对其病理状况进行建模，并观察视网膜发育、再生、重建、死亡和神经元生长的过程。此外，器官培养可以通过不同的调节因素以及严格指定浓度和受控条件下的保护/破坏剂来影响所有指定的过程。特别注意视网膜色素上皮细胞、感光细胞、Müller 神经胶质细胞和神经节细胞及其轴突（即，那些在不同病理状况和视网膜疾病情况下最常受影响的细胞群）。一个单独的部分专门介绍目前正在积极开发的所谓视网膜类器官的生产和培养。该方向为视网膜细胞移植、基因治疗实验和眼科药物测试提供了机会。