: Biomass burnings either due to Hazards Reduction Burnings (HRBs) in late autumn and early winter or bushfires during summer periods in various part of the world (e.g., CA, USA or New South Wales, Australia) emit large amount of gaseous pollutants and aerosols. The emissions, under favourable meteorological conditions, can cause elevated atmospheric particulate concentrations in metropolitan areas and beyond. One of the pollutants of concern is black carbon (BC), which is a component of aerosol particles. BC is harmful to health and acts as a radiative forcing agent in increasing the global warming due to its light absorption properties. Remote sensing data from satellites have becoming increasingly available for research, and these provide rich datasets available on global and local scale as well as in situ aethalometer measurements allow researchers to study the emission and dispersion pattern of BC from anthropogenic and natural sources. The Department of Planning, Industry and Environment (DPIE) in New South Wales (NSW) has installed recently from 2014 to 2019 a total of nine aethalometers to measure BC in its state-wide air quality network to determine the source contribution of BC and PM_2.5 (particulate Matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter) in ambient air from biomass burning and anthropogenic combustion sources. This study analysed the characteristics of spatial and temporal patterns of black carbon (BC) in New South Wales and in the Greater Metropolitan Region (GMR) of Sydney, Australia, by using these data sources as well as the trajectory HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) modelling tool to determine the source of high BC concentration detected at these sites. The emission characteristics of BC in relation to PM_2.5 is dependent on the emission source and is analysed using regression analysis of BC with PM_2.5 time series at the receptor site for winter and summer periods. The results show that, during the winter, correlation between BC and PM_2.5 is found at nearly all sites while little or no correlation is detected during the summer period. Traffic vehicle emission is the main BC emission source identified in the urban areas but was less so in the regional sites where biomass burnings/wood heating is the dominant source in winter. The BC diurnal patterns at all sites were strongly influenced by meteorology.

中文翻译：

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新南威尔士州和澳大利亚悉尼大都市区生物质燃烧和人为来源排放的黑碳（BC）的时空格局

： 在世界各地（例如，美国加利福尼亚州或澳大利亚新南威尔士州），由于秋末和初冬的减少危害燃烧（HRB）或夏季的丛林大火，生物质燃烧会排放大量气态污染物和气溶胶。在有利的气象条件下，这些排放会导致大都市地区及其以外地区大气颗粒物浓度升高。令人关注的污染物之一是黑碳（BC），它是气溶胶颗粒的组成部分。BC有害健康，并由于其吸光特性而成为导致全球变暖的辐射强迫剂。来自卫星的遥感数据越来越多地用于研究，这些都提供了丰富的数据集，可以在全球和地方范围内使用，也可以使用原地测速仪进行测量，从而使研究人员能够研究人为和自然来源的BC的排放和扩散模式。新南威尔士州规划，工业和环境部（DPIE）从2014年到2019年最近安装了总共九个湿度计，以在其全州空气质量网络中测量BC，以确定BC和PM的来源来自生物质燃烧和人为燃烧源的环境空气中有2.5（直径小于_2.5μm的颗粒物质）。本研究使用这些数据源以及轨迹HYSPLIT（混合单粒子拉格朗日）分析了澳大利亚新南威尔士州和澳大利亚悉尼大都市区（GMR）的黑碳（BC）的时空分布特征。集成轨迹）建模工具，以确定在这些位置检测到的高BC浓度的来源。BC与PM _2.5相关的排放特性取决于排放源，并使用PM _2.5对BC进行回归分析冬季和夏季的受体位置的时间序列。结果表明，在冬季，几乎所有地点都发现了BC和PM _2.5之间的相关性，而在夏季，几乎没有或没有相关性。在城市中，交通车辆的排放是主要的BC排放源，但在冬季以生物质燃烧/木材取暖为主要排放源的区域站点则较少。所有站点的BC昼夜模式都受到气象学的强烈影响。