The blood acts as a transfer channel for a variety of factors in the whole body. The ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) is a protogynous hermaphrodite vertebrate. Until now, no research has reported an analysis of the blood transcriptome during the process of sexual development in the ricefield eel. In this study, the transcriptome sequencing of blood samples from male and female ricefield eels was completed with a total of 34.70 Gb clean data. The clean data of each sample all reached 5.23 GB, and the percent of the Q30 basic group was 88.62% and above. A total of 106,369 unigenes were obtained after assembly, including 13,296 unigenes with a length of more than 1 kb. Further functional annotation analysis showed that there are 28,522 unigenes that can be annotated. The annotations of genes with differential expression revealed that there were 563 genes with significant differential expression in the blood of male and female ricefield eels, including 91 upregulated genes and 472 downregulated genes. Among which, 14 genes may be closely related to sex differentiation, the qPCR was used to confirmed the expression pattern of those genes and result shown that 11 genes were downregulated and 3 genes were upregulated, consistent with the results of our RNA-Seq analysis. This blood transcript dataset will open future research avenues on ricefield eel sex development and differentiation.

血液是全身各种因素的传递通道。稻田鳗（Monopterus albus）是雌雄同体的雌雄同体的脊椎动物。迄今为止，尚无研究报道对稻田鳗鱼性发育过程中的血液转录组进行分析。在这项研究中，完成了雄性和雌性稻田鳗鱼血样的转录组测序，总共获得了34.70 Gb的干净数据。每个样本的干净数据全部达到5.23 GB，Q30基本组的百分比为88.62％或更高。组装后获得了总共106,369个单基因，包括长度超过1 kb的13,296个单基因。进一步的功能注释分析表明，可以注释28,522个单基因。差异表达基因的注释表明，在雌性和稻田鳗鱼的血液中有563个具有明显差异表达的基因，其中包括91个上调基因和472个下调基因。其中14个基因可能与性别分化密切相关，使用qPCR证实了这些基因的表达模式，结果表明11个基因被下调而3个基因被上调，与我们的RNA-Seq分析结果一致。该血液转录物数据集将为今后关于field鳗性别发育和分化的研究途径开辟道路。