Due to the inconsistencies in the interpretation of laticifers within the Apocynaceae, the current study aimed to distinguish, for the first time, the type and distribution of the laticifers in the embryos, seedlings and adult plants of Tabernaemontana ventricosa (Forest Toad tree). The characterization and distribution of laticifers were determined using light and electron microscopy. The findings revealed the presence of articulated anastomosing laticifers. The laticifers were found to have originated from ground meristematic and procambium cells and were randomly distributed in all ground and vascular tissue, displaying complex branching conformations. The presence of chemical constituents within the laticifers and latex determined by histochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, neutral lipids, terpenoids, mucilage, pectin, resin acids, carboxylated polysaccharides, lipophilic, and hydrophilic substances and proteins. These secondary metabolites perform an indispensable role in preventing herbivory, hindering and deterring micro-organisms and may possibly have medicinal importance. The outcomes of the present study outlined the first micromorphology, anatomy, ultrastructural and chemical analysis of the laticifers of T. ventricosa. In addition, this investigation similarly established the probable functions of latex and laticifers.

中文翻译：

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Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst的分泌器具。前A.DC （Apocynaceae）：鉴定，表征和分布。

由于夹竹桃科对乳胶虫的解释不一致，本研究旨在首次区分乳胶虫的种子，幼苗和成年植物中乳胶虫的类型和分布。（森林蟾蜍树）。使用光学和电子显微镜确定胶乳体的特征和分布。该发现揭示了铰接吻合乳胶虫的存在。发现胶乳细胞起源于地面分生组织和原生菌，并且随机分布在所有地面和血管组织中，表现出复杂的分支构象。通过组织化学分析确定的胶乳和乳胶中的化学成分的存在表明存在生物碱，酚类，中性脂质，萜类，粘液，果胶，树脂酸，羧化多糖，亲脂性和亲水性物质和蛋白质。这些次级代谢产物在预防食草动物中起着不可或缺的作用，阻碍和阻止微生物，可能具有医学上的重要性。本研究的结果概述了该树胶乳的首次微观形态，解剖学，超微结构和化学分析。T.ventricosa。此外，这项调查同样确定了乳胶和胶乳的可能功能。