Recent breakthrough results from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have paved the way to a new era of cancer immunotherapy. In particular, inhibition of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis with ICI including nivolumab and pembrolizumab has been emerging as a novel treatment strategy for advanced gastric cancers (GC). In a meta-analysis for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in GC, the objective response rate was 12.0% and the disease control ratio was 34.7%. The ICI treatment in GC provided modest survival benefit and especially, anti-PD-1 treatment could improve the 12-month and 18-month overall survival rate and prolonged the duration of the response. Moreover, it is likely that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is more effective in subgroups with microsatellite instability-high, Epstein-Barr virus-positive or high mutation burden in advanced GC. The next steps for developing ICI in GC are mainly two challenges as follows. First is the identification of accurate biomarkers that can predict the response to ICI. The second challenge is the clinical development of combinatorial approaches to maximize the efficacy of ICI. In this review, recent advances in ICI for GC are discussed from a viewpoint of translational aspect including biomarkers and tumor microenvironment, and from a viewpoint of clinical aspects including combination therapies.

中文翻译：

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胃癌免疫检查点抑制剂的现状。

免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）的最新突破性成果为癌症免疫治疗的新时代铺平了道路。尤其是，ICV（包括nivolumab和pembrolizumab）对程序性死亡1（PD-1）/程序性死亡配体1（PD-L1）轴的抑制作用已经成为晚期胃癌（GC）的一种新型治疗策略。在GC中抗PD-1 / PD-L1治疗的荟萃分析中，客观缓解率为12.0％，疾病控制率为34.7％。GC中的ICI治疗提供了适度的生存获益，尤其是抗PD-1治疗可以提高12个月和18个月的总生存率，并延长反应时间。此外，抗PD-1 / PD-L1治疗可能在微卫星不稳定性较高的亚组中更有效，晚期GC中爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒阳性或高突变负担。在GC中开发ICI的下一步主要是以下两个挑战。首先是识别可以预测对ICI反应的准确生物标志物。第二个挑战是组合方法的临床发展，以最大程度地发挥ICI的功效。在这篇综述中，从包括生物标志物和肿瘤微环境在内的翻译方面以及从包括联合疗法在内的临床方面出发，讨论了ICI用于GC的最新进展。