Abstract

Soil microbial communities are subjected to significant changes over time. The most rapid changes caused by temperature and soil moisture alternations or the by the inflow of fresh organic matter occur during the several hours or days. They are mostly related to the soil microbial activity. Seasonal dynamics are caused by annual variations in temperature and precipitation that affect the microbial community directly or indirectly through the regulation of plant life. The microbial biomass and the taxonomic composition of soil microbial communities vary significantly throughout the year, which should be taken into account when sampling for a comparative analysis of different soils. The long-term dynamics of microbial communities during primary or secondary successions lead to an increase in the total microbial biomass and the fungi/bacteria ratio, as well as to changes in the taxonomic composition of microbial communities. The main factors of the long-term dynamics are the accumulation of soil organic matter, plant successions, and changes in pH. The diversity of microbial communities during long-term dynamics can vary in different ways and does not follow a single trend. The longest dynamics of soil microbial communities are associated with changes in bioclimatic conditions. Information about soil microbial communities of the past can be obtained by studying buried and permafrost soils. The study of future changes in soil microbial communities is possible in experiments with artificial changes in climatic parameters. Plants are a significant factor in the dynamics of soil microbial communities on all timescales; in short-term periods, the major role is played by the activity of plants; in the long-term trends, the changes in the vegetation abundance and diversity are the most important factors.

中文翻译：

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不同时间尺度下土壤微生物群落动态：综述

摘要

土壤微生物群落随时间变化很大。由温度和土壤湿度的变化或新鲜有机物质的流入引起的最快变化发生在几个小时或几天内。它们主要与土壤微生物活性有关。季节动态是由温度和降水的年度变化引起的，这些变化通过调节植物生命直接或间接影响微生物群落。全年中，土壤微生物群落的微生物生物量和分类学组成变化很大，在对不同土壤进行比较分析时应考虑到这一点。在原发或继发演替过程中，微生物群落的长期动态导致总微生物量和真菌/细菌比率的增加，以及微生物群落分类组成的变化。长期动态的主要因素是土壤有机质的积累，植物演替以及pH值的变化。长期动态过程中微生物群落的多样性可以以不同的方式变化，并且不遵循单一趋势。土壤微生物群落的最长动态与生物气候条件的变化有关。过去有关土壤微生物群落的信息可以通过研究地下和多年冻土获得。在人工模拟气候参数的实验中，有可能研究土壤微生物群落的未来变化。在所有时间尺度上，植物都是影响土壤微生物群落动态的重要因素。在短期内，植物的活动起主要作用；