The 2022 FIFA World Cup brings Qatar great challenges in terms of minimizing the cooling energy consumption and providing thermal comfort for both spectators and players. This paper presents comparisons among the results of thermal and wind environment modelling of a semi-outdoor stadium under three different cooling configurations and a baseline configuration without cooling using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool ANSYS Fluent 18.2. The three cooling configurations are: (1) vertical jets only above upper tiers, (2) vertical jets above upper tiers and horizontal jets at the back of lower tiers and around the pitch, (3) integrated vertical jets above upper tiers, horizontal jets at the back of lower tiers and air curtains at gates. De-coupled solar radiation simulations are implemented using the solar irradiance data in Doha under fair weather conditions method in Fluent in order to capture realistic thermal boundary conditions for the ground, stadium and surrounding buildings. On the basis of the set conditions, the results show that air curtains, employed in configuration 3 are effective in preventing the penetration of hot outside air through the gates of the stadium, which is an existing issue for stadiums in hot climates, and also contribute to lower energy consumption per match than the other configurations of cooling jets. The results presented in this study are useful not only for future design and retrofits of stadiums in hot climates but also for stadiums that incorporate mechanical cooling.

中文翻译：

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炎热气候下体育场的综合冷却射流​​和气幕系统

2022年FIFA世界杯在最大程度地减少冷却能耗和为观众和球员提供热舒适性方面给卡塔尔带来了巨大挑战。本文介绍了使用计算流体力学（CFD）工具ANSYS Fluent 18.2在三种不同的冷却配置和不进行冷却的基准配置下半室外体育场的热和风环境建模结果的比较。三种冷却配置是：（1）仅在较高层之上的垂直射流；（2）较高层之上的垂直射流；以及较低层后面和球场周围的水平射流；（3）较高层之上的集成垂直射流，水平射流在较低层的后面，在大门处设有气幕。在Fluent的公平天气条件下，使用多哈的太阳辐照度数据执行去耦太阳辐射模拟，以便捕获地面，体育场和周围建筑物的实际热边界条件。根据设定的条件，结果表明，配置3中使用的气帘可有效防止外界热空气穿过体育场的大门，这是炎热气候下体育场存在的问题，并且也有助于与其他冷却喷嘴配置相比，降低了每场比赛的能耗。这项研究中提出的结果不仅对炎热气候下的体育场馆的未来设计和改造有用，而且对采用机械冷却的体育场馆也很有用。