Abstract In this paper, we apply a wire-to-plate DBD plasma actuator to a three-dimensional model vehicle (called Ahmed body) for drag reduction at the free-stream velocities of $$U_\infty = 10{-}20\ \hbox {m}/\hbox {s}$$ U ∞ = 10 - 20 m / s . An actuator with a thin wire of 11 µm diameter as an exposed electrode is located at the front edge of the slanted surface of the Ahmed body, and its spanwise length and applied voltage are varied. The induced mean velocity by the actuator reaches up to about 4.2 m/s at the applied voltage of 9 kV. With actuation, the drag is reduced by the amount of maximum 10% at $$U_{\infty } = 10\ \hbox {m}/\hbox {s}$$ U ∞ = 10 m / s . The maximum efficiency of the present actuator is 0.1–0.12 depending on the spanwise length of the actuator, applied voltage, and free-stream velocity. The present drag reduction and efficiency are higher than those of a conventional plate-to-plate DBD plasma actuator. With surface-pressure and PIV measurements, it is shown that the flow above the slanted surface is significantly affected by the spanwise length of the actuator, and the streamwise momentum induced by the actuator suppresses the flow separation at the front edge of the slanted surface and recovers the pressure on the slanted and vertical base surfaces, resulting in drag reduction. Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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使用线对板 DBD 等离子体执行器对三维模型车辆进行减阻

摘要 在本文中，我们将线对板 DBD 等离子体致动器应用于三维模型车辆（称为 Ahmed 体）以在 $$U_\infty = 10{-}20\ \hbox {m}/\hbox {s}$$ U ∞ = 10 - 20 m / s 。一根直径为 11 µm 的细线作为外露电极的执行器位于 Ahmed 体倾斜表面的前缘，其展向长度和施加的电压是变化的。在 9 kV 的施加电压下，致动器的感应平均速度高达约 4.2 m/s。通过驱动，阻力在 $$U_{\infty } = 10\ \hbox {m}/\hbox {s}$$ U ∞ = 10 m / s 处最大减少 10%。本执行器的最大效率为 0.1–0.12，具体取决于执行器的展向长度、施加的电压和自由流速度。目前的减阻和效率高于传统的板对板 DBD 等离子体致动器。通过表面压力和 PIV 测量表明，斜面上方的流动受促动器展向长度的显着影响，促动器引起的流向动量抑制了斜面前缘的流动分离，恢复倾斜和垂直基面上的压力，从而减少阻力。图形摘要 致动器产生的流向动量抑制了斜面前缘的流动分离，恢复了斜面和垂直基面的压力，从而减少了阻力。图形摘要 致动器产生的流向动量抑制了斜面前缘的流动分离，恢复了斜面和垂直基面的压力，从而减少了阻力。图形摘要