The Spitzer Space Telescope returned infrared images and spectra with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution, enabling the characterization of the dust-enshrouded star formation of and within galaxies. This has yielded indicators of total star formation, used as unbiased tracers of the stellar production across cosmic times.

中文翻译：

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斯皮策太空望远镜追踪到的星系中的恒星形成

Spitzer太空望远镜以前所未有的灵敏度和分辨率返回了红外图像和光谱，从而能够表征星系内部和星系内部被尘埃包裹的恒星。这产生了总恒星形成的指示符，用作跨宇宙时间恒星产生的无偏示踪物。