The Spitzer Space Telescope returned infrared images and spectra with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution, enabling the characterization of the dust-enshrouded star formation of and within galaxies. This has yielded indicators of total star formation, used as unbiased tracers of the stellar production across cosmic times.
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Calzetti, D. Star formation in galaxies as traced by the Spitzer Space Telescope. Nat Astron 4, 437–439 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-1052-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-1052-0
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