The myelination of axons was the last major evolution in the vertebrate nervous system. Myelin promotes the speed of action potential by two orders, and modulates the conduction of neurons, important for learning new skills. However, the intrinsic mechanism for high-speed information propagation in myelin in the nervous systems is still unclear. We propose that myelinated nerve fibres serve as dielectric waveguides for the high-frequency electromagnetic information in a certain mid-infrared to terahertz spectral range. Based on the structure characteristics of myelinated nerve composed of periodic nodes of Ranvier and myelin sheath, the energy for the signal propagation is supplied and amplified when crossing the nodes of Ranvier via a periodic relay. In this work, we exploit the quasi-quantum model of amplification for neural terahertz/infrared information at the nodes of Ranvier, and prove the existence of biomolecular ensemble for three-energy-level amplification, revealing the essential mechanism of high-speed electromagnetic information transmitting in myelinated nerves.

中文翻译：

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Ranvier结节对髓鞘神经的太赫兹/红外场的放大

轴突的髓鞘化是脊椎动物神经系统的最后主要进化。髓磷脂将动作电位的速度提高两个等级，并调节神经元的传导，这对于学习新技能很重要。但是，神经系统中髓磷脂高速信息传播的内在机制仍不清楚。我们建议有髓的神经纤维在一定的中红外到太赫兹光谱范围内充当高频电磁信息的介质波导。根据由Ranvier的周期性节和髓鞘形成的有髓神经的结构特征，当通过周期性中继器越过Ranvier的节时，提供并放大了信号传播的能量。在这项工作中