Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major cereal crop cultivated all over the world. Karnal bunt disease is an internationally quarantined disease caused by Tilletia indica. In modern resistance breeding, effectors have been efficiently used to identify, functionally characterize and deploy resistance genes. The present study was carried out to identify the genes related to pathogenicity in T. indica by mining whole genome sequence and transcriptome data. The secretory proteins were identified using bioinformatics tools. In total, 1337 unique proteins having secretory signatures were predicted in T. indica genome. Out of 192 genes related to host-pathogen interaction (PHI database), 7 pathogenicity-related genes were selected for relative expression analysis at different time points under in vitro and in planta conditions using qPCR. Under in vitro, maximum expression of genes was up to 3 fold on amendment with spike tissue extract from susceptible host. Under in planta, three genes (Ti2035, Ti2347 and Ti3774) showed the maximum expression at 3 days post inoculation (dpi). Further two genes (Ti57 and Ti198) showed the maximum up-regulation at 3 dpi followed by 10 dpi and 15 dpi. Two genes (Ti10340 and Ti12741) were up regulated at later stages at 10 dpi and 15 dpi only in susceptible genotype. Ti2035, Ti2347 and Ti3774 genes might have role in penetration, Ti57 and Ti198 genes may be related to penetration & infection, Ti10340 and Ti12741 genes may have role in sporulation when co-related with earlier reported histo-pathological studies. This study could be utilized to understand the mechanism(s) of pathogenesis through functional genomics for developing strategies for management of Karnal bunt of wheat.

中文翻译：

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小麦籼黑粉病病原相关基因的鉴定及表达分析

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是世界各地种植的主要谷类作物。Karnal bunt 病是由籼稻引起的国际检疫疾病。在现代抗性育种中，效应子已被有效地用于识别、功能表征和部署抗性基因。本研究旨在通过挖掘全基因组序列和转录组数据来鉴定与籼稻致病性相关的基因。使用生物信息学工具鉴定分泌蛋白。总共在籼稻基因组中预测了 1337 种具有分泌特征的独特蛋白质。在与宿主-病原体相互作用（PHI 数据库）相关的 192 个基因中，选择了 7 个致病性相关基因，用于使用 qPCR 在体外和植物条件下的不同时间点进行相对表达分析。在体外，使用来自易感宿主的刺突组织提取物进行修正时，基因的最大表达高达 3 倍。在植物中，三个基因（Ti2035、Ti2347 和 Ti3774）在接种后 3 天 (dpi) 表现出最大表达。另外两个基因（Ti57 和 Ti198）在 3 dpi 时显示出最大的上调，然后是 10 dpi 和 15 dpi。两个基因（Ti10340 和 Ti12741）仅在易感基因型中在 10 dpi 和 15 dpi 的后期上调。Ti2035、Ti2347 和 Ti3774 基因可能在穿透中起作用，Ti57 和 Ti198 基因可能与穿透和感染有关，Ti10340 和 Ti12741 基因可能在与早期报道的组织病理学研究相关时在孢子形成中起作用。