Protected areas are cornerstones of conservation efforts worldwide. However, protected areas do not act in isolation because they are connected with surrounding, unprotected lands. Few studies have evaluated the effects of protected areas on wildlife populations inhabiting private lands in the surrounding landscapes. The lowland tapir Tapirus terrestris is the largest terrestrial mammal of the Neotropics and is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. It is necessary to understand the influence of landscape characteristics on the tapir's habitat use to enable effective conservation management for this species. Our objectives were to (1) determine the potential distribution of the lowland tapir's habitat in the Southern Yungas of Argentina, and (2) evaluate the role of protected areas and other covariates on tapir habitat use in adjacent private lands. We used records of lowland tapirs to model the species' potential distribution and determined habitat use with occupancy modelling. Based on the covariates found to be significant in our models, we constructed predictive maps of probability of habitat use and assessed the area of potential habitat remaining for the species. Probability of habitat use was higher in the vicinity of two national parks and small households than further away from them. We found that in 85% of the lowland tapir's potential distribution the probability of habitat use is high (> 0.5). These areas are near the three national parks in the study area. The probability of detecting lowland tapirs increased with distance to roads. We conclude that national parks play a key role in the persistence of lowland tapir populations on adjacent private lands.

中文翻译：

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国家公园影响阿根廷南部永加斯附近私人土地上低地貘的栖息地利用

保护区是全球保护工作的基石。然而，保护区并不是孤立的，因为它们与周围未受保护的土地相连。很少有研究评估保护区对栖息在周围景观中私人土地上的野生动物种群的影响。低地貘貘是新热带地区最大的陆生哺乳动物，在 IUCN 红色名录中被列为易危物种。有必要了解景观特征对貘栖息地利用的影响，以便对该物种进行有效的保护管理。我们的目标是 (1) 确定阿根廷南永加斯低地貘栖息地的潜在分布，以及 (2) 评估保护区和其他协变量对相邻私人土地貘栖息地使用的作用。我们使用低地貘的记录来模拟物种的潜在分布，并通过占用模型确定栖息地的使用。基于在我们的模型中发现的重要协变量，我们构建了栖息地使用概率的预测图，并评估了该物种剩余的潜在栖息地面积。两个国家公园和小家庭附近的栖息地利用概率高于远离它们的地方。我们发现，在 85% 的低地貘潜在分布中，栖息地利用的概率很高（> 0.5）。这些区域靠近研究区的三个国家公园。发现低地貘的概率随着与道路的距离而增加。我们得出的结论是，国家公园在相邻私人土地上低地貘种群的持续存在中起着关键作用。发现低地貘的概率随着与道路的距离而增加。我们得出的结论是，国家公园在相邻私人土地上低地貘种群的持续存在中起着关键作用。发现低地貘的概率随着与道路的距离而增加。我们得出的结论是，国家公园在相邻私人土地上低地貘种群的持续存在中起着关键作用。