Stationary ice-penetrating radar (sIPR) systems can be used to monitor temporal changes in electromagnetically sensitive properties of glaciers and ice sheets. We describe a system intended for autonomous operation in remote glacial environments, and document its performance during deployments in cold and temperate settings. The design is patterned after an existing impulse radar system, with the addition of a fibre-optic link and timing module to control transmitter pulses, a micro-UPS (uninterruptable power supply) to prevent uncontrolled system shutdown and a customized satellite telemetry scheme. Various implementations of the sIPR were deployed on the Kaskawulsh Glacier near an ice-marginal lake in Yukon, Canada, for 44–77 days in summers 2014, 2015 and 2017. Pronounced perturbations to englacial radiostratigraphy were observed commensurate with lake filling and drainage, and are interpreted as changes in englacial water storage. Another sIPR was deployed in 2015–2016 on ice island PII-A-1-f, which originated from the Petermann Glacier in northwest Greenland. This system operated autonomously for almost a year during which changes in thickness of the ice column were clearly detected.

中文翻译：

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用于在寒冷和温带环境中自主部署的固定脉冲雷达系统

固定式探冰雷达 (sIPR) 系统可用于监测冰川和冰盖的电磁敏感特性的时间变化。我们描述了一个用于在偏远冰川环境中自主运行的系统，并记录了其在寒冷和温带环境中部署期间的性能。该设计仿照现有的脉冲雷达系统设计，增加了用于控制发射器脉冲的光纤链路和定时模块、用于防止不受控制的系统关闭的微型 UPS（不间断电源）和定制的卫星遥测方案。2014 年、2015 年和 2017 年夏天，在加拿大育空地区冰缘湖附近的 Kaskawulsh 冰川上部署了各种 sIPR 实施方案，历时 44-77 天。观察到与湖泊填充和排水相称的对冰期放射地层学的明显扰动，并被解释为冰期蓄水量的变化。另一个 sIPR 于 2015-2016 年部署在冰岛 PII-A-1-f 上，该冰岛起源于格陵兰岛西北部的彼得曼冰川。该系统自主运行了将近一年，在此期间可以清楚地检测到冰柱厚度的变化。