Biological systems involve the most complex materials in the world. Mimicking biological systems is not an easy task. Materials researchers are continuing to push themselves to prepare synthetic materials that can replicate biological systems. Hydrogels have attracted great interest from materials researchers for mimicking biological systems due to their biocompatibility. One approach to preparing hydrogels is using host–guest interactions. Host–guest interactions can be achieved by using cyclodextrins (CDs) as host units and suitable guest units. Hydrogels prepared based on host–guest interactions show several functionalities, such as self-healing ability, stimuli responsiveness, the ability to function as soft actuators for use in artificial muscles, and conductive responsiveness. These functions can be attributed to reversible bond formation between the CDs and guest units. Self-healing materials, which mimic the recovery of injured skin, can be achieved if the association constant between the CDs and guests is sufficiently high. Several specific guest units can also show external stimuli responsivity (redox, pH, temperature, and light) when paired with CDs, allowing them to mimic the responsiveness of the human body to external stimuli. Light-responsive hydrogels can be used to prepare soft actuators that can be employed as artificial muscles to mimic the sliding motion of human sarcomeres. Conductive hydrogels will be required to support the function of artificial muscles in the near future. This review summarizes the advancements made in biofunctional hydrogels based on host–guest interactions. Hydrogels as biocompatible polymer have been attracted materials researchers for mimicking biological systems. One efficient approach to preparing hydrogels is using host–guest interactions between cyclodextrins (CDs) as host units and suitable guest units. The hydrogels formed by CD and guest unit reversible bonds show several biofunctionalities, such as self-healing ability, stimuli responsiveness, the ability to function as soft actuators for use in artificial muscles, and conductive responsiveness.

中文翻译：

---

基于主客体相互作用的生物功能水凝胶

生物系统涉及世界上最复杂的材料。模仿生物系统并非易事。材料研究人员正在继续推动自己制备可以复制生物系统的合成材料。由于其生物相容性，水凝胶在模拟生物系统方面引起了材料研究人员的极大兴趣。制备水凝胶的一种方法是使用主客体相互作用。可以通过使用环糊精 (CD) 作为主体单元和合适的客体单元来实现主客体相互作用。基于主客体相互作用制备的水凝胶显示出多种功能，例如自愈能力、刺激响应性、用作人造肌肉的软致动器的能力以及传导响应性。这些功能可归因于 CD 和客单元之间的可逆键形成。如果 CD 和客人之间的关联常数足够高，则可以实现模拟受伤皮肤恢复的自愈材料。当与 CD 配对时，几个特定的​​客体单元还可以显示外部刺激响应（氧化还原、pH、温度和光），使它们能够模拟人体对外部刺激的响应。光响应水凝胶可用于制备软致动器，可用作人造肌肉来模拟人类肌节的滑动运动。在不久的将来，将需要导电水凝胶来支持人造肌肉的功能。本综述总结了基于主客体相互作用的生物功能水凝胶的进展。水凝胶作为生物相容性聚合物已吸引材料研究人员模仿生物系统。制备水凝胶的一种有效方法是使用环糊精 (CD) 作为主体单元和合适的客体单元之间的主客体相互作用。由 CD 和客单元可逆键形成的水凝胶显示出多种生物功能，例如自愈能力、刺激响应性、用作人造肌肉的软致动器的能力以及传导响应性。