Abstract—Comprehensive modeling studies of the processes induced in all geospheres by the passage and explosion of the meteoroid near the city of Lipetsk (Russia) on June 21, 2018, have been performed. Thermodynamic and plasma effects and the effects of the plume and turbulence accompanying the passage of the Lipetsk meteoroid have been estimated. It has been shown that the passage of the celestial body led to the formation of a gas–dust plume. The heated trail of the meteoroid cooled for several hours. Four stages of meteoroid-trail cooling are considered in detail. The first of these persisted for approximately 0.01 s, and the temperature of the trail decreased by a factor of two due to emissions. During the second stage (~1 s), the trail cooled due to emissions and expansion, and its temperature decreased by 15%. In the course of the third stage, which took approximately 3 s, the products of the explosion and the heated gas (thermal) with an acceleration of 100–200 m/s², attained an ascent rate of 200 m/s, and the temperature decreased by 10%. The fourth stage persisted for 100 s, during which the thermal absorbed the cool air at an intensive rate, gradually cooled off, and decelerated. The maximum altitude of rise of the thermal reached 15–20 km. The products of the explosion (dust particles and aerosols) contained in the thermal further participated in the following three processes: a slow precipitation to the surface of the Earth, turbulent mixing with the ambient air, and transport by the predominant winds around the globe. The effect of turbulence in the trail has been shown to be well pronounced, while the effect of magnetic turbulence has been weakly displayed. The following basic parameters of the plasma in the trail have been estimated: the altitude dependences of the electron densities per unit length and per unit volume, their relaxation times, the particle collision frequencies, the plasma conductivities, and the electron temperature relaxation time. At the initial time point, the linear and volume electron densities in the trail have been shown to be equal to approximately (2–40) × 10²³ m^–1 and (1–4) × 10²¹ m^–3, respectively, and the plasma conductivity to be equal to ~10³ Ohm^–1 m^–1. The role of the dusty plasma component is discussed.

中文翻译：

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Lipetsk流星体的物理效应：2

摘要-于2018年6月21日在利佩茨克（俄罗斯）附近的流星体通过和爆炸而在所有地圈中引起的过程进行了综合建模研究。估计了热力学和等离子体效应以及伴随着利佩茨克流星体通过的羽流和湍流的影响。研究表明，天体的通过导致了气体尘埃羽流的形成。流星体的加热痕迹冷却了几个小时。详细考虑了流星尾迹冷却的四个阶段。这些中的第一个持续了约0.01 s，并且由于排放，路径的温度降低了两倍。在第二阶段（约1 s），由于排放和膨胀，步道降温了，其温度下降了15％。在第三阶段，²，上升速度为200 m / s，温度降低了10％。第四阶段持续100 s，在此期间，热量大量吸收了冷空气，逐渐冷却并减速。热量上升的最高高度达到15–20 km。热量中包含的爆炸产物（粉尘颗粒和气溶胶）进一步参与了以下三个过程：地球表面的缓慢沉淀，与周围空气的湍流混合以及主要风向全球的运输。轨迹中的湍流效应已被证明是非常明显的，而电磁湍流的效应却已被微弱地展现出来。已估算出线索中血浆的以下基本参数：每单位长度和每单位体积的电子密度的高度依赖性，它们的弛豫时间，粒子碰撞频率，等离子体电导率和电子温度弛豫时间。在初始时间点，轨迹中的线性和体积电子密度已显示为大约等于（2–40）×10^分别为23 m ^–1和（1-4）×10 ²¹ m ^–3，并且等离子体电导率等于〜10 ³ Ohm ^–1  m ^–1。讨论了尘土等离子体组件的作用。