Abstract—Comprehensive modeling studies of the processes induced in all geospheres by the passage and explosion of the meteoroid near the city of Lipetsk (Russia) on June 21, 2018, have been performed. Thermodynamic and plasma effects and the effects of the plume and turbulence accompanying the passage of the Lipetsk meteoroid have been estimated. It has been shown that the passage of the celestial body led to the formation of a gas–dust plume. The heated trail of the meteoroid cooled for several hours. Four stages of meteoroid-trail cooling are considered in detail. The first of these persisted for approximately 0.01 s, and the temperature of the trail decreased by a factor of two due to emissions. During the second stage (~1 s), the trail cooled due to emissions and expansion, and its temperature decreased by 15%. In the course of the third stage, which took approximately 3 s, the products of the explosion and the heated gas (thermal) with an acceleration of 100–200 m/s2, attained an ascent rate of 200 m/s, and the temperature decreased by 10%. The fourth stage persisted for 100 s, during which the thermal absorbed the cool air at an intensive rate, gradually cooled off, and decelerated. The maximum altitude of rise of the thermal reached 15–20 km. The products of the explosion (dust particles and aerosols) contained in the thermal further participated in the following three processes: a slow precipitation to the surface of the Earth, turbulent mixing with the ambient air, and transport by the predominant winds around the globe. The effect of turbulence in the trail has been shown to be well pronounced, while the effect of magnetic turbulence has been weakly displayed. The following basic parameters of the plasma in the trail have been estimated: the altitude dependences of the electron densities per unit length and per unit volume, their relaxation times, the particle collision frequencies, the plasma conductivities, and the electron temperature relaxation time. At the initial time point, the linear and volume electron densities in the trail have been shown to be equal to approximately (2–40) × 1023 m–1 and (1–4) × 1021 m–3, respectively, and the plasma conductivity to be equal to ~103 Ohm–1 m–1. The role of the dusty plasma component is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
N. A. Artem’eva and V. V. Shuvalov, “Atmospheric plume of the Chelyabinsk meteoroid,” in Dynamic Processes in Geospheres, Vol. 5: Geophysical Effects of the Chelyabinsk Meteoroid’s Fall: Collection of Scientific Papers of the Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Special Issue (GEOS, Moscow, 2014), pp. 134–146 [in Russian].
V. A. Bronshten, Physics of Meteor Phenomena (Nauka, Moscow, 1981; Springer-Verlag, 1983).
V. A. Bronshten, “MHD-mechanism of radio emission generation of bright bolides,” Astron. Vestn. 17 (2), 94–98 (1983).
V. A. Bronshten, “The entry of the large meteoroids into the atmosphere,” Astron. Vestn. 11 (1), 102–121 (1993).
V. A. Bronsten, “On the physical mechanism of the large meteor bodies quasicontinuous fragmentation,” Astron. Vestn. 11 (3), 65–74 (1993).
V. A. Bronsten, “Use of Grigoryan theory for calculation of the giant meteoroids fragmentation,” Astron. Vestn. 28 (2), 118–124 (1994).
V. A. Bronsten, “Fragmentation and destruction of large meteor bodies in the atmosphere,” Astron. Vestn. 29 (5), 450–459 (1995).
B. E. Bryunelli, and A. A. Namgaladze, Physics of the Ionosphere (Nauka, Moscow, 1988) [in Russian].
V. L. Ginzburg, The Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasmas, 2nd ed. (Nauka, Moscow, 1967; Pergamon, Oxford, 1970).
N. N. Gor’kavyy, D. S. Likharev, and D. N. Minnibayev, “Color variations of the aerosol plume of the Chelyabinsk bolide,” in The Chelyabinsk Meteorite — One Year on the Earth: Proc. All-Russian Sci. Conf., Ed. by N. A. Antipin, A. E. Dudorov, S. N. Zamozdra, S. V. Kolisnichenko, A. V. Kocherov, and E. A. Shajgo-Rodskij (Kamennyi Poyas, Chelyabinsk, 2014), pp. 118–123 [in Russian].
N. N. Gor’kavyy and T. A. Taydakova, “Interaction of the Chelyabinsk bolide with the atmosphere,” in The Chelyabinsk Meteorite — One Year on the Earth: Proc. All-Russian Sci. Conf., Ed. by N. A. Antipin, A. E. Dudorov, S. N. Zamozdra, S. V. Kolisnichenko, A. V. Kocherov, and E. A. Shajgo-Rodskij (Kamennyi Poyas, Chelyabinsk, 2014), pp. 124–129 [in Russian].
N. N. Gor’kavyy, T. A. Taydakova, Ye. A. Provornikova, et al., “Aerosol plume of the Chelyabinsk bolide,” in The Chelyabinsk Meteorite — One Year on the Earth: Proc. All-Russian Sci. Conf., Ed. by N. A. Antipin, A. E. Dudorov, S. N. Zamozdra, S. V. Kolisnichenko, A. V. Kocherov, and E. A. Shajgo-Rodskij (Kamennyi Poyas, Chelyabinsk, 2014), pp. 130–135 [in Russian].
S. S. Grigoryan, “Motion and destruction of meteorites in planetary atmospheres,” Cosmic Res. 17, 724–740 (1980).
Dynamic Processes in Geospheres, Vol. 5: Geophysical Effects of the Chelyabinsk Meteoroid’s Fall: Collection of Scientific Papers of the Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Special Issue (GEOS, Moscow, 2014).
V. V. Emelyanenko, O. P. Popova, N. N. Chugaj, M. A. Sheljakov, Ju. V. Pahomov, B. M. Shustov, V. V. Shuvalov, E. E. Birjukov, Ju. S. Rybnov, M. Ja. Marov, L. V. Ryhlova, S. A. Naroenkov, A. P. Kartashova, V. A. Harlamov, and I. A. Trubeckaja, “Astronomical and physical aspects of the Chelyabinsk event (February 15, 2013),” Sol. Syst. Res. 47, 240–254 (2013).
Catastrophic Impacts of Cosmic Bodies, Ed. by V. V. Adushkin and I. V. Nemchinov, (Akademkniga, Moscow, 2005) [in Russian].
The Chelyabinsk Meteorite — One Year on the Earth: Proc. All-Russian Sci. Conf., Ed. by N. A. Antipin, A. E. Dudorov, S. N. Zamozdra, S. V. Kolisnichenko, A. V. Kocherov, and E. A. Shajgo-Rodskij (Kamennyi Poyas, Chelyabinsk, 2014) [in Russian].
V. P. Stulov, V. N. Mirskii, A. I. Vislyi, Aerodynamics of Bolides (Nauka, Moscow, 1995) [in Russian].
Chelyabinsk Superbolide, Ed. by N. N. Gor’kavyi and A. E. Dudorov (Chelyab. Gos. Univ., Chelyabinsk, 2016) [in Russian].
L. F. Chernogor, Physics and Ecology of Disasters (Khark. Nats. Univ. Im. V. N. Karazina, Kharkiv, 2012) [in Russian].
L. F. Chernogor, “Plasma, electromagnetic and acoustic effects of meteorite "Chelyabinsk”,” Inzh. Fiz. 8, 23–40 (2013).
L. F. Chernogor, “Physical effects of the Chelyabinsk meteorite passage,” Dopov. Akad. Nauk Ukr. 10, 97–104 (2013).
L. F. Chernogor, “The main effects of the Chelyabinsk meteorite’s fall: The results of physical and mathematical modeling,” in The Chelyabinsk Meteorite — One Year on the Earth: Proc. All-Russian Sci. Conf., Ed. by N. A. Antipin, A. E. Dudorov, S. N. Zamozdra, S. V. Kolisnichenko, A. V. Kocherov, and E. A. Shajgo-Rodskij (Kamennyi Poyas, Chelyabinsk, 2014), pp. 229–264.
L. F. Chernogor, “Atmospheric effects of the gas–dust trail of Chelyabinsk meteoroid,” Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk. Fiz. Atmos. Okeana. 53, 296–306 (2017).
L. F. Chernogor, “Magneto-ionospheric effects of the meteoroid plume,” Geomagn. Aeron. 58, 125–132 (2018).
L. F. Chernogor and Yu. B. Milovanov, “Rise of a meteoroid thermal in the Earth’s atmosphere,” Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies 34, 198–206 (2018).
L. F. Chernogor, “The physical effects of Romanian meteoroid. 1,” Kosm. Nauka Tekhnol. 24 (1), 49–70 (2018).
L. F. Chernogor, “The physical effects of Romanian meteoroid. 2,” Kosm. Nauka Tekhnol. 24 (2), 18–35 (2018).
L. F. Chernogor, “Physical effects of the Lipetsk meteoroid. 1,” Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies. 35 (4), 174–188 (2019).
Catastrophic Events Caused by Cosmic Objects, Ed. by V. Adushkin and I. Nemchinov (Springer-Verlag, Dordrecht, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6452-4
L. F. Chernogor and V. T. Rozumenko, “The physical effects associated with Chelyabinsk meteorite’s passage,” Probl. At. Sci. Technol. 86, 136–139 (2013).
N. N. Gorkavyi, T. A. Taidakova, and E. A. Provornikova, “Aerosol plume after the Chelyabinsk bolide,” Sol. Syst. Res. 47, 275–279 (2013).
S. S. Grigoryan, “Physical mechanism of Chelyabinsk superbolide explosion,” Sol. Syst. Res. 47, 268–274 (2013).
J. G. Hills and M. P. Goda, “The fragmentation of small asteroids in the atmosphere,” Astron. J. 105, 1114–1144 (1993).
D. M. Hunten, R. P. Turco, O. B. Toon, et al., “Smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin in the mesosphere and stratoshpere,” J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 1342– 1357 (1980).
O. P. Popova, P. Jenniskens, V. Emelyanenko, et al., “Chelyabinsk airburst, damage assessment, meteorite recovery, and characterization,” Science 342, 1069–1073 (2013).
O. P. Popova, P. Jenniskens, V. Emelyanenko, et al., “Supplementary materials: Chelyabinsk airburst, damage assessment, meteorite recovery, and characterization,” Science (2013). https://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/ full/science.1242642/DC1. Accessed October 1, 2015.
R. W. Schunk and A. Nagy, Ionospheres: Physics, Plasma Physics, and Chemistry (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2000).
Funding
The study was funded as part of the planned financing of institutions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, state registration number 0115SU000463.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by M. Chubarova
About this article
Cite this article
Chernogor, L.F. Physical Effects of the Lipetsk Meteoroid: 2. Kinemat. Phys. Celest. Bodies 35, 217–230 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591319050027
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591319050027