This study evaluates changes in the diversity and composition of ants that inhabit contrasting environmental conditions (green and gray spaces) in two cities of different size and degree of urbanization: Xalapa and Coatepec (Veracruz, Mexico), both of which are surrounded by cloud forest remnants, croplands and pastures. In each city, a green space and a gray space of similar area were selected (~ 31 ha) and ten sampling sites were randomly placed within each environment. Tuna in oil and honey were used as baits to collect soil ants, entomological nets to capture vegetation ants and Winkler sacks for leaf-litter ants. Ant species richness ( 0 D ) and diversity ( 1 D ) was greater in Coatepec (the smaller and less urbanized city) than in Xalapa. However, the pattern observed when comparing green and gray spaces differed between the cities: the greatest diversity ( 0 D and 1 D ) was observed in the gray space of Coatepec and the lowest diversity in the green space of Xalapa. In both cities, the similarity of species composition between habitat conditions was close to 50% and the comparison of green spaces between the cities showed that these are more different to each other than is the case with the gray spaces. These results suggest that the characteristics of each city influence the ant diversity contained in green and gray spaces differently and can promote differentiation in species composition within the same city.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥两个城市绿灰空间蚂蚁的多样性快照

本研究评估了居住在不同规模和城市化程度的两个城市中对比环境条件（绿色和灰色空间）中蚂蚁的多样性和组成的变化：Xalapa 和 Coatepec（墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯），这两个城市都被云雾林包围残余物、农田和牧场。在每个城市中，选择了一个类似面积的绿色空间和一个灰色空间（~31 公顷），并在每个环境中随机放置十个采样点。油和蜂蜜中的金枪鱼被用作诱饵来收集土蚁、昆虫学网来捕获植被蚂蚁和温克勒麻袋用于落叶蚁。Coatepec（较小且城市化程度较低的城市）的蚂蚁物种丰富度 (0D) 和多样性 (1D) 高于 Xalapa。然而，在比较绿色和灰色空间时观察到的模式在城市之间有所不同：在 Coatepec 的灰色空间中观察到最大的多样性（0 D 和 1 D），在 Xalapa 的绿色空间中观察到最低的多样性。在这两个城市，栖息地条件之间物种组成的相似性接近 50%，城市之间的绿地比较表明，与灰色空间相比，这些城市之间的差异更大。这些结果表明，每个城市的特征对绿色和灰色空间中包含的蚂蚁多样性的影响不同，可以促进同一城市内物种组成的分化。栖息地条件之间物种组成的相似性接近 50%，城市之间的绿地比较表明，与灰色空间相比，这些城市之间的差异更大。这些结果表明，每个城市的特征对绿色和灰色空间中包含的蚂蚁多样性的影响不同，可以促进同一城市内物种组成的分化。栖息地条件之间物种组成的相似性接近 50%，城市之间的绿地比较表明，与灰色空间相比，这些城市之间的差异更大。这些结果表明，每个城市的特征对绿色和灰色空间中包含的蚂蚁多样性的影响不同，可以促进同一城市内物种组成的分化。