In a circular economy, products are made from renewable resources and the waste streams generated during production are either reused, recycled or recovered. The Biocascade methodology considers bio-waste as a resource that can be exploited to produce high-value products such as pharmaceuticals, food ingredients and nutrients; and low-value products such as feed, energy or soil conditioners. The Biocascade principle ensures optimal biomass exploitation by following a hierarchy from high-to-low value, where the waste from one process is the starting material for the next. Biowaste from plant origin is a very suitable resource for applying the Biocascade methodology, both in terms of worldwide production and of variety of components. In this review, the biowaste from sour cherry wine, ornamental kalanchoe plants and red clover feed production, have been examined for processing using a Biocascade approach. Starting from the biowaste characterization, the most relevant components have been identified highlighting their potential uses. The extraction methodology is then discussed in terms of solvent used, operating conditions and yield. Based on the information retrieved from literature, different process flowsheets have been proposed to maximize the use of the biowaste following the Biocascade perspective and targeting zero-waste generation.

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中文翻译：

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从生物废料中回收高价值天然产物的生物级联方法：最新技术和未来趋势

在循环经济中，产品由可再生资源制成，生产过程中产生的废物流可以重复使用，回收或回收。生物级联方法论认为生物废物是一种资源，可以用来生产高价值产品，例如药品，食品成分和营养素；以及低价产品，例如饲料，能源或土壤改良剂。生物级联原理通过遵循从高到低的层次结构来确保最佳的生物质开发，其中一个过程产生的废物是下一个过程的原材料。无论是在全球范围内生产还是在各种成分方面，来自植物的生物废料都是非常适合应用生物级联方法的资源。在这篇评论中，酸樱桃酒，观赏长寿植物和红三叶草饲料生产产生的生物废物，已使用生物级联方法进行了处理检查。从生物废物表征开始，已确定了最相关的组件，突出了其潜在用途。然后根据所用溶剂，操作条件和产率讨论萃取方法。基于从文献中检索到的信息，已提出了不同的工艺流程，以按照生物级联的观点并以零废物产生为目标，最大程度地利用生物废物。

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