The continuous interactions between host and pathogens during their coevolution have shaped both the immune system and the countermeasures used by pathogens. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that are considered central players in the antiviral response. Not only do they express a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors to discriminate and eliminate target cells but they can also produce immunoregulatory cytokines to alert the immune system. Reciprocally, several unrelated viruses including cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza virus, and dengue virus have evolved a multitude of mechanisms to evade NK cell function, such as the targeting of pathways for NK cell receptors and their ligands, apoptosis, and cytokine-mediated signaling. The studies discussed in this article provide further insights into the antiviral function of NK cells and the pathways involved, their constituent proteins, and ways in which they could be manipulated for host benefit.

中文翻译：

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通过病毒适应逃避自然杀伤细胞的机制。

宿主和病原体在共同进化过程中的持续相互作用塑造了免疫系统和病原体使用的对策。自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞是先天淋巴细胞，被认为是抗病毒反应的核心参与者。它们不仅表达多种抑制和激活受体来区分和消除靶细胞，而且它们还可以产生免疫调节细胞因子来提醒免疫系统。反过来，包括巨细胞病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、流感病毒和登革热病毒在内的几种无关病毒已经进化出多种机制来逃避 NK 细胞功能，例如靶向 NK 细胞受体及其配体的通路、细胞凋亡和细胞因子介导的信令。