The experiment reported in this research paper aimed to determine whether clinical and subclinical effects on cattle were similar if provided with isoenergetic and isonitrogenous challenge diets in which carbohydrate sources were predominantly starch or sugar. The study was a 3 × 3 Latin square using six adult Jersey cows with rumen cannulae, over 9 weeks. In the first 2 weeks of each 3 week experimental period cows were fed with a maintenance diet and, in the last week, each animal was assigned to one of three diets: a control diet (CON), being a continuation of the maintenance diet; a high starch (HSt) or a high sugar (HSu) diet. Reticuloruminal pH and motility were recorded throughout the study period. Blood and ruminal samples were taken on day-1 (TP-1), day-2 (TP-2) and day-7 (TP-7) of each challenge week. Four clinical variables were recorded daily: diarrhoea, inappetence, depression and ruminal tympany. The effects of treatment, hour of day and day after treatment on clinical parameters were analysed using linear mixed effects (LME) models. Although both challenge diets resulted in a decline in pH, an increase in the absolute pH residuals and an increase in the number of minutes per day under pH 5.8, systemic inflammation was only detected with the HSt diet. The challenge diets differentially modified amplitude and period of reticuloruminal contractions compared with CON diet and both were associated with an increased probability of diarrhoea. The HSu diet reduced the probability of an animal consuming its complete allocation. Because the challenge diets were derived from complex natural materials (barley and molasses respectively), it is not possible to assign all the differential effects to the difference in starch and sugar concentration: non-starch components of barley or non-sugar components of molasses might have contributed to some of the observations. In conclusion, substituting much of the starch with sugar caused no substantial reduction in the acidosis load, but inflammatory response was reduced while feed rejection was increased.

中文翻译：

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高淀粉和高糖日粮对牛瘤胃功能的对比影响

本研究报告中报告的实验旨在确定如果提供碳水化合物来源主要为淀粉或糖的等能量和等氮挑战日粮，对牛的临床和亚临床效果是否相似。该研究是一个 3 × 3 的拉丁方格，使用 6 头带有瘤胃插管的成年泽西奶牛，历时 9 周。在每 3 周实验期的前 2 周，给奶牛喂食维持日粮，在最后一周，每只动物被分配到三种日粮中的一种：对照日粮 (CON)，作为维持日粮的延续；高淀粉（HSt）或高糖（HSu）饮食。在整个研究期间记录网状管腔 pH 值和运动性。在每个攻击周的第 1 天 (TP-1)、第 2 天 (TP-2) 和第 7 天 (TP-7) 采集血液和瘤胃样品。每天记录四个临床变量：腹泻、食欲不振、抑郁和瘤胃鼓音。使用线性混合效应 (LME) 模型分析治疗、治疗后一天中的时间和治疗后一天对临床参数的影响。尽管两种攻击饮食都导致 pH 值下降、绝对 pH 残留量增加和每天在 pH 5.8 下的分钟数增加，但仅在 HSt 饮食中检测到全身炎症。与 CON 饮食相比，挑战饮食不同地改变了网状管腔收缩的幅度和周期，并且两者都与腹泻的可能性增加有关。HSu 饮食降低了动物消耗其全部分配的可能性。因为挑战日粮来源于复杂的天然材料（分别是大麦和糖蜜），不可能将所有差异效应都归因于淀粉和糖浓度的差异：大麦的非淀粉成分或糖蜜的非糖成分可能促成了一些观察结果。总之，用糖代替大部分淀粉并没有显着降低酸中毒负荷，但炎症反应减少了，而饲料排斥反应增加了。