Stereochemical nucleotide-amino acid interactions, in the form of noncovalent nucleotide-amino acid interactions, potentially produced the genetic code’s codon-amino acid assignments. Empirical estimates of single nucleotide-amino acid affinities on surfaces and in solution are used to test whether trinucleotide-amino acid affinities determined genetic code assignments pending the principle “first arrived, first served”: presumed early amino acids have greater codon-amino acid affinities than ulterior ones. Here, these single nucleotide affinities are used to approximate all 64 × 20 trinucleotide-amino acid affinities. Analyses show that (1) on surfaces, genetic code codon-amino acid assignments tend to match high affinities for the amino acids that integrated earliest the genetic code (according to Wong’s metabolic coevolution hypothesis between nucleotides and amino acids) and (2) in solution, the same principle holds for the anticodon-amino acid assignments. Affinity analyses match best genetic code assignments when assuming that trinucleotides competed for amino acids, rather than amino acids for trinucleotides. Codon-amino acid affinities stick better to genetic code assignments than anticodon-amino acid affinities. Presumably, two independent coding systems, on surfaces and in solution, converged, and formed the current translation system. Proto-translation on surfaces by direct codon-amino acid interactions without tRNA-like adaptors coadapted with a system emerging in solution by proto-tRNA anticodon-amino acid interactions. These systems assigned identical or similar cognates to codons on surfaces and to anticodons in solution. Results indicate that a prebiotic metabolism predated genetic code self-organization.

中文翻译：

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先到先得：密码子之间的密码子-氨基酸立体化学相互作用竞争决定了早期的遗传密码分配。

以非共价核苷酸-氨基酸相互作用的形式存在的立体化学核苷酸-氨基酸相互作用可能会产生遗传密码的密码子-氨基酸分配。对表面和溶液中单核苷酸-氨基酸亲和力的经验估计用于测试三核苷酸-氨基酸亲和力是否在“先到先得”原则之前确定了遗传密码分配：假定早期氨基酸具有更大的密码子-氨基酸亲和力比别有用心的 在这里，这些单核苷酸亲和力用于近似所有64×20三核苷酸-氨基酸亲和力。分析表明（1）在表面上，遗传密码子的氨基酸分配趋向于与最早整合遗传密码的氨基酸具有较高的亲和力（根据Wong在核苷酸和氨基酸之间的代谢协同进化假设），并且（2）在溶液中，反密码子的原理相同。氨基酸分配。当假定三核苷酸竞争氨基酸而不是氨基酸竞争三核苷酸时，亲和力分析匹配最佳的遗传密码分配。密码子-氨基酸亲和力比反密码子-氨基酸亲和力更好地坚持遗传密码分配。据推测，表面和溶液中的两个独立的编码系统会聚在一起，形成当前的翻译系统。在没有tRNA样衔接子的情况下，通过直接密码子-氨基酸相互作用在表面上进行原型翻译，而在溶液中通过原型tRNA的反密码子-氨基酸相互作用与该新出现的系统相适应。这些系统为表面上的密码子和溶液中的反密码子分配了相同或相似的密码子。结果表明，益生元代谢早于遗传密码的自组织。