Artificial graphite powder (AGP) is one of the utmost common anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIB). Nevertheless, the dissolution of the anode material into the electrolyte is one of the main challenges that causes the vanishing capacity and poor cyclability. In this study, a nanoscale TiO₂ film is uniformly sputtered on the surface of bare artificial graphite (BAG) electrode through the physical vapor deposition (PVD). The results obviously prove that TiO₂ film is completely and homogeneously covered on the BAG electrodes. BAG and AG/TiO₂ electrodes represent discharge capacities of 339.3 and 369 mAh g⁻¹ at first cycle, respectively. Therefore, the nano-layer coating of TiO₂ increases the initial discharge capacity of artificial graphite around 9%. After 100 cycles, the values of capacity retention at a current density of 0.5 C are 88.7 and 94.2% for BAG and AG/TiO₂, respectively. The discharge specific capacity of pouch full cells using BAG and AG/TiO₂ anodes versus NCA cathode reveals that AG/TiO₂ anodes could still provide a high reversible capacity of around 123.05 mAh g⁻¹ after 10 cycles at a high current density of 4 C. This corresponds to 346.5% improvement compared with BAG anodes versus NCA cathode at 4 C.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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TiO 2纳米粒子在人造石墨上的物理气相沉积：是高速率和长寿命锂离子电池的极佳阳极

人造石墨粉（AGP）是锂离子电池（LIB）的最常见阳极材料之一。然而，阳极材料溶解到电解质中是导致其消失能力和差的循环性的主要挑战之一。在这项研究中，通过物理气相沉积（PVD）在裸露的人造石墨（BAG）电极的表面上均匀地溅射了纳米级TiO ₂膜。结果显然证明了TiO ₂膜被BAG电极完全均匀地覆盖。BAG和AG / TiO ₂电极在第一周期的放电容量分别为339.3和369 mAh g ^-1。因此，TiO ₂的纳米层涂层将人造石墨的初始放电容量提高了约9％。在100次循环之后，对于BAG和AG / TiO ₂，在0.5 C的电流密度下的容量保持值分别为88.7％和94.2％。使用BAG和AG / TiO ₂阳极相对于NCA阴极的袋状满电池的放电比容量显示，AG / TiO ₂阳极在10次循环后，在4的高电流密度下仍可提供约123.05 mAh g ^-1的高可逆容量。在4 C下，与BAG阳极相比，与NCA阴极相比，这相当于提高了34.55％。

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