The different reactive power and energy metering methods used by electric energy meters on medium and high voltage consumers present different results between themselves, notably in the presence of distorted voltage and current signals. Over recent decades, many discussions and various propositions have been put into action, all of which aimed at a worldwide unification of power and reactive energy metering methods. However, the problem still persists and the objective of this study therefore lies in performing of a quantitative update, concerning the impacts of these different methods on the reactive energy metering for billing purposes. In this context, each of the methods frequently used by the electric energy meter manufacturers will be covered in an analytical manner, seeking the mathematical understanding of the divergences that exist between them. In concurrent fashion, calibration tests will be performed in the laboratory aimed at the correct quantification of measurement deviations found under specific distortion conditions in voltage and current waveforms, when comparing meters from different manufacturers and models. A new electric energy meter, that contemplates all known metering methods, was developed with the aim of performing a measurement campaign allowing for the comparison of the performance of each one of these methods under real load conditions, considering many different types of consumer. The obtained results, in addition to providing a quantitative update of the magnitude of existing deviations, also demonstrate a great concern regarding the lack of isonomy currently found around the world in the metering of reactive power and energy.

中文翻译：

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非正弦条件下无功电能表性能的更新

电能表在中高压用电设备上使用的不同无功功率和电能计量方法在它们之间呈现不同的结果，特别是在存在失真的电压和电流信号的情况下。近几十年来，许多讨论和各种提议已付诸行动，所有这些都旨在在世界范围内统一电力和无功电能计量方法。然而，问题仍然存在，因此本研究的目标在于执行定量更新，涉及这些不同方法对用于计费的无功电能计量的影响。在此背景下，将以分析的方式涵盖电能表制造商经常使用的每种方法，寻求对它们之间存在的分歧的数学理解。同时，校准测试将在实验室中进行，目的是在比较不同制造商和型号的仪表时，正确量化电压和电流波形在特定失真条件下发现的测量偏差。考虑到许多不同类型的消费者，开发了一种新的电能表，它考虑了所有已知的计量方法，目的是执行测量活动，允许在实际负载条件下比较这些方法中的每一种的性能。获得的结果，除了提供对现有偏差大小的定量更新之外，