Balancing soil microbial diversity and abundance is critical to sustaining soil health, and understanding the dynamics of soil microbes in a monocropping system can help determine how continuous monocropping practices induce soil sickness mediated by microorganisms. This study used previously constructed gradient continuous monocropping plots and four varieties with different monocropping responses were investigated. The feedback responses of their soil fungal communities to short-term and long-term continuous monocropping were tracked using high-throughput sequencing techniques. The analyses indicated that soil samples from 1 and 2 year monocropped plots were grouped into one class, and samples from the 11 and 12 year plots were grouped into another, regardless of variety. At the species level, the F. solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Neocosmospora striata, Acrophialophora levis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus corrugatus, Thielavia hyrcaniae, Emericellopsis minima, and Scedosporium aurantiacum taxa showed significantly increased abundances in the long-term monocropping libraries compared to the short-term cropping libraries. In contrast, Talaromyces flavus, Talaromyces purpureogenus, Mortierella alpina, Paranamyces uniporus, and Volutella citrinella decreased in the long-term monocropping libraries compared to the short-term libraries. This study, combined with our previous study, showed that fungal community structure was significantly affected by the length of the monocropping period, but peanut variety and growth stages were less important. The increase in pathogen abundances and the decrease in beneficial fungi abundances seem to be the main cause for the yield decline and poor growth of long-term monocultured peanut. Simplification of fungal community diversity could also contribute to peanut soil sickness under long-term monocropping. Additionally, the different responses of peanut varieties to monocropping may be related to variations in their microbial community structure.

中文翻译：

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长期连续单季播种的花生严重干扰了土壤真菌群落的平衡。

平衡土壤微生物的多样性和丰度对维持土壤健康至关重要，了解单作系统中土壤微生物的动力学可以帮助确定连续的单作实践如何诱发微生物介导的土壤病。本研究使用先前构建的梯度连续单作图，研究了具有不同单作响应的四个品种。使用高通量测序技术跟踪了土壤真菌群落对短期和长期连续单作的反馈响应。分析表明，将1年和2年单作地块的土壤样品归为一类，将11年和12年地块的土壤样品归为另一类，而不论其种类如何。在物种一级，茄，尖孢镰刀菌，赤壳芨，Acrophialophora的levis，黑曲霉，黑曲霉corrugatus，土生梭hyrcaniae，Emericellopsis极小，而足放线病菌橙黄相比于短期的裁剪图书馆在长期库单作类群表现出显著上升的丰度。相比之下，篮状菌属黄曲霉菌，篮状菌属purpureogenus，高山被孢霉，Paranamyces uniporus和Volutella citrinella与短期文库相比，长期单作库中的文库数量有所减少。这项研究与我们先前的研究相结合，表明真菌的群落结构受单作期的长短影响很大，但花生的品种和生长阶段的重要性不高。病原体丰度的增加和有益真菌丰度的减少似乎是长期单一栽培花生产量下降和生长不良的主要原因。在长期单作下，真菌群落多样性的简化也可能导致花生土壤病。另外，花生品种对单作的不同反应可能与其微生物群落结构的变化有关。