We developed a model to predict nucleation delay of olivine, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene in basaltic melts, and alkali feldspar and quartz in felsic melts. The model, based upon classical nucleation theory, was improved by applying modifications inspired by diffuse interface theory. The theoretical calculations were compared to results available in the literature (basalts) and from new experiments on a hydrous (~ 4 wt% water), metaluminous granitic composition conducted in piston cylinder apparatus at 600 MPa and temperatures from 500 to 800 °C. The experimental results and the modelled nucleation delays in silicate melts agree within a factor of ~ 5, which creates an opportunity for better understanding of the nucleation kinetics and crystallization timing of melts of various compositions. We demonstrate the implications of nucleation delay and discuss possible applications of this newly developed model to dry and hydrous felsic melts. We present the nucleation delay of feldspar and quartz in dry rhyolitic melt and its influence on the formation of obsidian, and we compare the nucleation delay of these minerals in a hydrous granitic melt against the typical internal structure of a granitic pegmatite dike.

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岩浆系统成核延迟的量化：实验和理论方法

我们开发了一个模型来预测玄武岩熔体中橄榄石、斜长石和斜辉石以及长英质熔体中碱性长石和石英的成核延迟。该模型基于经典成核理论，并通过应用受扩散界面理论启发的修改进行了改进。将理论计算与文献（玄武岩）中可用的结果以及在 600 MPa 和 500 至 800 °C 的温度下在活塞缸装置中进行的含水（~ 4 wt% 水）金属铝花岗岩组合物的新实验进行比较。实验结果和硅酸盐熔体中模拟的成核延迟在约 5 倍的范围内一致，这为更好地了解各种成分的熔体的成核动力学和结晶时间创造了机会。我们展示了成核延迟的影响，并讨论了这种新开发的模型在干燥和含水长英质熔体中的可能应用。我们介绍了干流纹岩熔体中长石和石英的成核延迟及其对黑曜石形成的影响，并将这些矿物在含水花岗岩熔体中的成核延迟与花岗岩伟晶岩脉的典型内部结构进行了比较。