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Ontogenetic patterns in lipid and fatty acid biomarkers of juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) from across the Alaska Arctic
Polar Biology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02648-9
Louise Copeman , Mara Spencer , Ron Heintz , Johanna Vollenweider , Angie Sremba , Thomas Helser , Libby Logerwell , Leandra Sousa , Seth Danielson , Alexei I. Pinchuk , Benjamin Laurel

Characterizing the condition of fish in dynamic seasonal environments requires an understanding of their energy allocation strategies. Both polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) are important mid-trophic fish in Alaska Arctic waters, and changes in their lipid allocation could have important implications for their overwintering survival as well as their energetic value for predators. We used a combination of laboratory and field approaches to describe allometric relationships in lipid storage of polar cod and we then explored spatial patterns in field-caught juvenile gadid condition during 2012 and 2013. Lipid density in wild juvenile Arctic gadids increased with size leading into the first overwintering period, but age-1 + fish showed a reduction in lipid density with size prior to the 2nd overwintering period. Using the residuals from the underlying allometry of total lipid and fatty acid density in each species, we were able to develop a condition metric which was then explored in relation to spatial patterns in large Calanus glacialis copepodite (stages C3 and older) abundance and thermal conditions measured in the field. Fatty acid biomarkers from the total lipid pool indicated that polar cod have a higher reliance on calanoid copepods than saffron cod. Collectively, these data suggest polar cod and saffron cod will likely respond differently to regional warming depending upon the shift in the zooplankton communities, such that the energetic contribution of these fish to higher trophic levels could be transformed with future ocean warming.

中文翻译:

来自阿拉斯加北极地区的幼年极地鳕鱼 (Boreogadus Saida) 和藏红花鳕鱼 (Eleginus gracilis) 的脂质和脂肪酸生物标志物的个体发育模式

描述动态季节性环境中鱼类的状况需要了解它们的能量分配策略。极地鳕鱼 (Boreogadus saida) 和藏红花鳕鱼 (Eleginus gracilis) 都是阿拉斯加北极水域重要的中营养鱼类,它们脂质分配的变化可能对它们的越冬生存以及它们对捕食者的能量价值产生重要影响。我们结合实验室和野外方法来描述极地鳕鱼脂质储存中的异速生长关系,然后我们探索了 2012 年和 2013 年野外捕获的幼鱼条件下的空间模式。第一个越冬期,但 1 岁以上的鱼在第二个越冬期之前表现出脂质密度随着体型的增加而降低。使用来自每个物种的总脂质和脂肪酸密度的潜在异速生长的残差,我们能够开发一个条件度量,然后根据大型 Calanus glacialis 桡足岩(C3 和更旧的阶段)丰度和热条件的空间模式进行探索在现场测量。来自总脂质池的脂肪酸生物标志物表明,与藏红花鳕鱼相比,极地鳕鱼对桡足类动物的依赖性更高。总的来说,这些数据表明极地鳕鱼和藏红花鳕鱼可能会对区域变暖做出不同的反应,这取决于浮游动物群落的变化,因此这些鱼对更高营养水平的能量贡献可能会随着未来的海洋变暖而改变。我们能够开发一个条件度量,然后将其与大型 Calanus glacialis 桡足岩(阶段 C3 及更旧)的丰度和现场测量的热条件的空间模式相关联进行探索。来自总脂质池的脂肪酸生物标志物表明,与藏红花鳕鱼相比,极地鳕鱼对桡足类动物的依赖性更高。总的来说,这些数据表明极地鳕鱼和藏红花鳕鱼可能会对区域变暖做出不同的反应,这取决于浮游动物群落的变化,因此这些鱼对更高营养水平的能量贡献可能会随着未来的海洋变暖而改变。我们能够开发一个条件度量,然后将其与大型 Calanus glacialis 桡足岩(阶段 C3 及更旧)的丰度和现场测量的热条件的空间模式相关联进行探索。来自总脂质池的脂肪酸生物标志物表明,与藏红花鳕鱼相比,极地鳕鱼对桡足类动物的依赖性更高。总的来说,这些数据表明极地鳕鱼和藏红花鳕鱼可能会对区域变暖做出不同的反应,这取决于浮游动物群落的变化,因此这些鱼对更高营养水平的能量贡献可能会随着未来的海洋变暖而改变。来自总脂质池的脂肪酸生物标志物表明,与藏红花鳕鱼相比,极地鳕鱼对桡足类动物的依赖性更高。总的来说,这些数据表明极地鳕鱼和藏红花鳕鱼可能会对区域变暖做出不同的反应,这取决于浮游动物群落的变化,因此这些鱼对更高营养水平的能量贡献可能会随着未来的海洋变暖而改变。来自总脂质池的脂肪酸生物标志物表明,与藏红花鳕鱼相比,极地鳕鱼对桡足类动物的依赖性更高。总的来说,这些数据表明极地鳕鱼和藏红花鳕鱼可能会对区域变暖做出不同的反应,这取决于浮游动物群落的变化,因此这些鱼对更高营养水平的能量贡献可能会随着未来的海洋变暖而改变。
更新日期:2020-04-04
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