The room temperature liquid metal (LM) is recently emerging as a new class of versatile materials with fascinating characteristics mostly originated from its simultaneous metallic and liquid natures. The melting point is a typical parameter to describe the peculiarity of LM, and a pivotal factor to consider concerning its practical applications such as phase change materials (PCMs) and advanced thermal management. Therefore, the theoretical exploration into the melting point of LM is an essential issue, which can be of special value for the design of new LM materials with desired properties. So far, some available strategies such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and classical thermodynamic theory have been applied to perform correlative analysis. This paper is primarily dedicated to performing a comprehensive overview regarding typical theoretical strategies on analyzing the melting points. It, then, presents evaluations on several factors like components, pressure, size and supercooling that may be critical for melting processes of liquid metal. After that, it discusses applications associated with the characteristic of low melting points of LM. It is expected that a great many fundamental and practical works are to be conducted in the coming future.

中文翻译：

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室温液态金属：其熔点，主导机理及应用

室温液态金属（LM）最近作为一种新型的通用材料而出现，其迷人的特性主要源于其同时具有金属和液态特性。熔点是描述LM特性的典型参数，也是考虑其实际应用（例如相变材料（PCM）和高级热管理）的关键因素。因此，对LM熔点的理论探索是必不可少的问题，这对于设计具有所需性能的新型LM材料可能具有特殊价值。到目前为止，已经应用了一些可用的策略，例如分子动力学（MD）模拟和经典的热力学理论来进行相关分析。本文主要致力于对分析熔点的典型理论策略进行全面概述。然后，它提供了对几个因素的评估，这些因素可能对液态金属的熔化过程至关重要，例如成分，压力，尺寸和过冷。此后，它讨论了与LM低熔点特性相关的应用。预计在未来的将来将进行大量的基础和实际工作。