Nanoscale electrokinetic phenomenon called ion concentration polarization (ICP) has opened a new era in bio- and chemical-analysis platform due to its high efficiency and easy sample handling. In this review, the most recent advancements of selective preconcentration process using ICP were introduced. The flux balances of charged analytes were theoretically analyzed so that the behavior and the shape of preconcentrated plug were categorized into stacking/propagating and dumbbell/plug, respectively. The experimental demonstrations of these features were also given to verify the modeling. Furthermore, promising applications based on the analysis were described in this review. Lastly, future research direction would be suggested by elucidating pros and cons of ICP process.

中文翻译：

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基于离子浓度极化的纳米电动选择性预浓缩

纳米级电动现象称为离子浓度极化（ICP），由于其高效和易于处理的特性，在生物和化学分析平台上开辟了一个新时代。在这篇综述中，介绍了使用ICP进行选择性预浓缩工艺的最新进展。从理论上分析了带电分析物的通量平衡，以便将预浓缩塞子的行为和形状分别分类为堆积/传播和哑铃/塞子。还提供了这些功能的实验演示以验证模型。此外，在这篇综述中描述了基于分析的有希望的应用。最后，通过阐明ICP过程的利弊，将提出未来的研究方向。