The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is an important invasive agricultural insect pest with a wide host range, and has spread around the world over the last century. This evolutionary trait may have arisen primarily from interactions between B. dorsalis and other invertebrates that share the same ecological niches. The invasive behavior of B. dorsalis also frequently exposes them to diverse species of viruses. Thereby, RNA viromes may be useful microbial markers to understand the ecological evolution of B. dorsalis as well as to investigate virus-host interactions. Here, we reported eight novel RNA viruses in B. dorsalis of a lab colony, including four positive-strand RNA viruses, two negative-strand RNA viruses, and two double-stranded RNA viruses using high-throughput sequencing technology. Analysis of the virus-derived small RNAs suggested that most of these viruses may be active and trigger the host antiviral RNAi responses. The viruses were also detected in various geographical populations of B. dorsalis, implying that there is a strong association between the viromes and host. In addition, these viruses infected specific fly tissues, predominately the central nervous system and gut. Furthermore, we explored the dynamics of the viruses when hosts were exposed to short- or long-term stressors, which showed that titers of some viruses were responsively altered in the stressed B. dorsalis. The discovery of these viruses may enrich our understanding of the species diversity of RNA viruses and also provide information on viruses in association with host adaptation in insects.

中文翻译：

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RNA病毒及其入侵果蝇小实蝇中的动力学，暗示宿主和病毒之间的相互作用。

东方实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）是一种重要的入侵性农业害虫，具有广泛的寄主范围，并且在上个世纪已传播到世界各地。这种进化特征可能主要来自背侧双歧杆菌和其他具有相同生态位的无脊椎动物之间的相互作用。背叶双歧杆菌的侵入性行为也经常使它们暴露于多种病毒。因此，RNA病毒体可能是有用的微生物标记，可用于了解背侧双歧杆菌的生态进化以及研究病毒与宿主的相互作用。在这里，我们报道了使用高通量测序技术在实验室菌落背囊中的8种新型RNA病毒，包括4种正链RNA病毒，2种负链RNA病毒和2种双链RNA病毒。对病毒衍生的小RNA的分析表明，这些病毒中的大多数可能具有活性，并会触发宿主抗病毒RNAi反应。还在背侧双歧杆菌的不同地理区域中检测到病毒，这表明病毒体与宿主之间存在很强的联系。此外，这些病毒感染特定的果蝇组织，主要是中枢神经系统和肠道。此外，我们研究了当宿主暴露于短期或长期胁迫下时病毒的动力学，这表明某些病毒的滴度在胁迫的背侧双歧杆菌中响应性地改变了。这些病毒的发现可以丰富我们对RNA病毒物种多样性的了解，也可以提供有关病毒与昆虫宿主适应性有关的信息。