There are five described Rhynchosporium species, Rhynchosporium commune, R. secalis, R. agropyri, R. orthosporum and R. lolii, that cause scald diseases on Poaceae. This study used morphological (conidial shape and size) and phylogenetic analyses of two loci (the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and β-tubulin (TUBB)) to identify Rhynchosporium species and their host ranges in Iran. Despite the large variation observed for Rhynchosporium conidial dimensions, the phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region and concatenated ITS and TUBB loci revealed that all isolates from wild grasses in Iran belong to R. commune. R. commune was isolated from Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum, Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, Lolium multiflorum and Avena sativa in Iran. A. sativa has only been reported from Iran as a host for R. commune. After cross inoculation, A. sativa was considered as the most resistant host showing the lowest susceptibility to R. commune isolates. Of the grass hosts tested, H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum was the most susceptible. The most aggressive isolate across all tested hosts was isolated from Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum. Cross-infection of the R. commune isolates from all hosts onto uncultivated grasses and cultivated barley suggests the potential of the uncultivated grasses as inoculum sources for cultivated barley epidemics and pathogen evolution. Thus, management of uncultivated grasses in the vicinity of barley fields should assist in managing the disease on cultivated barley.

中文翻译：

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惊吓伊朗的禾本科寄主及其对栽培大麦的潜在威胁

有五种描述喙物种，喙公社，R. secalis，R. agropyri，R. orthosporum和R. lolii，对原因烫伤疾病禾本科。本研究中使用的形态（分生孢子的形状和尺寸）和两个基因座的种系发生分析（内转录间隔区（ITS）和β微管蛋白（TUBB）），以识别喙物种和在伊朗它们的宿主范围。尽管对所观察到的大的变化喙分生孢子尺寸，ITS区域的系统发育分析，然后连接起来ITS和TUBB基因座透露，伊朗的所有野草分离物都属于R.公社。R. commune是从大麦（Mordeum murinum ssp）分离得到的。灰绿，大麦SSP。根子，多花黑麦草和燕麦在伊朗。从伊朗只报道了苜蓿被用作R.公社的宿主。交叉接种后，紫花苜蓿被认为是抵抗力最强的宿主，对公社分离株的敏感性最低。在测试的草宿主中，H。vulgare ssp。自发性是最易感的 在所有测试的宿主中，最具攻击性的分离株是从Mordeum murinum ssp中分离出来的。青草。从所有寄主中分离出的R. commune菌在未栽培的草和栽培的大麦上交叉感染表明，未栽培的草作为栽培大麦流行病和病原体进化的接种源的潜力。因此，在大麦田附近管理未耕种的草应有助于管理大麦上的病害。