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Scald on gramineous hosts in Iran and their potential threat to cultivated barley

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Abstract

There are five described Rhynchosporium species, Rhynchosporium commune, R. secalis, R. agropyri, R. orthosporum and R. lolii, that cause scald diseases on Poaceae. This study used morphological (conidial shape and size) and phylogenetic analyses of two loci (the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and β-tubulin (TUBB)) to identify Rhynchosporium species and their host ranges in Iran. Despite the large variation observed for Rhynchosporium conidial dimensions, the phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region and concatenated ITS and TUBB loci revealed that all isolates from wild grasses in Iran belong to R. commune. R. commune was isolated from Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum, Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, Lolium multiflorum and Avena sativa in Iran. A. sativa has only been reported from Iran as a host for R. commune. After cross inoculation, A. sativa was considered as the most resistant host showing the lowest susceptibility to R. commune isolates. Of the grass hosts tested, H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum was the most susceptible. The most aggressive isolate across all tested hosts was isolated from Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum. Cross-infection of the R. commune isolates from all hosts onto uncultivated grasses and cultivated barley suggests the potential of the uncultivated grasses as inoculum sources for cultivated barley epidemics and pathogen evolution. Thus, management of uncultivated grasses in the vicinity of barley fields should assist in managing the disease on cultivated barley.

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Acknowledgements

E.S. thanks Isfahan University of Technology for financial support. The authors thank S. Beigi, J. Shokri and A. Ahmadpour who contribute during sampling. Also, we thank J. Gholami for technical assistance, L. Smith for guidance in pathogenicity test, S. Taghadomi-Saberi for image processing, M.R. Sabzalian and M. Isapareh for guidance with statistical analysis.

Funding

This study was funded by Isfahan University of Technology (grant number NA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

    E. Seifollahi & B. Sharifnabi

  2. Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2600, Australia

    E. Seifollahi & C. C. Linde

  3. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587, Karaj, –77871, Iran

    M. Javan-Nikkhah

Authors
  1. E. Seifollahi
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  2. B. Sharifnabi
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  3. M. Javan-Nikkhah
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  4. C. C. Linde
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Correspondence to E. Seifollahi.

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Seifollahi, E., Sharifnabi, B., Javan-Nikkhah, M. et al. Scald on gramineous hosts in Iran and their potential threat to cultivated barley. Mycol Progress 19, 223–233 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01553-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01553-8

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