Single-cell sequencing (SCS) has impacted many areas of cancer research and improved our understanding of intratumor heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The development and refinement of SCS technologies has led to massive reductions in costs, increased cell throughput, and improved reproducibility, paving the way for clinical applications. However, before translational applications can be realized, there are a number of logistical and technical challenges that must be overcome. This review discusses past cancer research studies, emerging technologies, and future clinical applications that are bound to transform cancer medicine.

单细胞测序（SCS）已影响到癌症研究的许多领域，并增进了我们对肿瘤内异质性，肿瘤微环境，转移和治疗耐药性的理解。SCS技术的发展和完善已导致成本大幅降低，细胞通量增加以及可重复性提高，为临床应用铺平了道路。但是，在实现翻译应用程序之前，必须克服许多后勤和技术难题。这篇综述讨论了过去的癌症研究，新兴技术以及将来必将改变癌症医学的临床应用。