It has been accepted that kidney function is connected with brain activity. In clinical studies, chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have been found to be prone to suffering cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The cognitive function of CKD patients may improve after kidney transplantation. All these indicators show a possible link between kidney function and dementia. However, little is known about the mechanism behind the relation of CKD and AD. This review discusses the associations between CKD and AD from the perspective of the pathophysiology of the kidney and complications and/or concomitants of CKD that may lead to cognitive decline in the progression of CKD and AD. Potential preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD are also presented. Further studies are warranted in order to confirm whether the setting of CKD is a possible new determinant for cognitive impairment in AD.

肾功能与大脑活动有关这一观点已被接受。在临床研究中，已发现慢性肾病 (CKD) 患者容易出现认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病 (AD)。肾移植后CKD患者的认知功能可能会有所改善。所有这些指标都表明肾功能与痴呆之间可能存在联系。然而，关于 CKD 和 AD 关系背后的机制知之甚少。本综述从肾脏病理生理学和 CKD 的并发症和/或伴随物的角度讨论了 CKD 和 AD 之间的关联，这些并发症和/或伴随物可能导致 CKD 和 AD 进展中的认知能力下降。还介绍了 AD 的潜在预防和治疗策略。